ppce500 generic platform (ppce500
)
QEMU for PPC supports a special ppce500
machine designed for emulation and
virtualization purposes.
Supported devices
The ppce500
machine supports the following devices:
PowerPC e500 series core (e500v2/e500mc/e5500/e6500)
Configuration, Control, and Status Register (CCSR)
Multicore Programmable Interrupt Controller (MPIC) with MSI support
1 16550A UART device
1 Freescale MPC8xxx I2C controller
1 Pericom pt7c4338 RTC via I2C
1 Freescale MPC8xxx GPIO controller
Power-off functionality via one GPIO pin
1 Freescale MPC8xxx PCI host controller
VirtIO devices via PCI bus
1 Freescale Enhanced Triple Speed Ethernet controller (eTSEC)
Hardware configuration information
The ppce500
machine automatically generates a device tree blob (“dtb”)
which it passes to the guest, if there is no -dtb
option. This provides
information about the addresses, interrupt lines and other configuration of
the various devices in the system.
If users want to provide their own DTB, they can use the -dtb
option.
These DTBs should have the following requirements:
The number of subnodes under /cpus node should match QEMU’s
-smp
optionThe /memory reg size should match QEMU’s selected ram_size via
-m
Both qemu-system-ppc
and qemu-system-ppc64
provide emulation for the
following 32-bit PowerPC CPUs:
e500v2
e500mc
Additionally qemu-system-ppc64
provides support for the following 64-bit
PowerPC CPUs:
e5500
e6500
The CPU type can be specified via the -cpu
command line. If not specified,
it creates a machine with e500v2 core. The following example shows an e6500
based machine creation:
$ qemu-system-ppc64 -nographic -M ppce500 -cpu e6500
Boot options
The ppce500
machine can start using the standard -kernel functionality
for loading a payload like an OS kernel (e.g.: Linux), or U-Boot firmware.
When -bios is omitted, the default pc-bios/u-boot.e500 firmware image is used as the BIOS. QEMU follows below truth table to select which payload to execute:
-bios |
-kernel |
payload |
---|---|---|
N |
N |
u-boot |
N |
Y |
kernel |
Y |
don’t care |
u-boot |
When both -bios and -kernel are present, QEMU loads U-Boot and U-Boot in turns automatically loads the kernel image specified by the -kernel parameter via U-Boot’s built-in “bootm” command, hence a legacy uImage format is required in such scenario.
Running Linux kernel
Linux mainline v5.11 release is tested at the time of writing. To build a
Linux mainline kernel that can be booted by the ppce500
machine in
64-bit mode, simply configure the kernel using the defconfig configuration:
$ export ARCH=powerpc
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=powerpc-linux-
$ make corenet64_smp_defconfig
$ make menuconfig
then manually select the following configuration:
Platform support > Freescale Book-E Machine Type > QEMU generic e500 platform
To boot the newly built Linux kernel in QEMU with the ppce500
machine:
$ qemu-system-ppc64 -M ppce500 -cpu e5500 -smp 4 -m 2G \
-display none -serial stdio \
-kernel vmlinux \
-initrd /path/to/rootfs.cpio \
-append "root=/dev/ram"
To build a Linux mainline kernel that can be booted by the ppce500
machine
in 32-bit mode, use the same 64-bit configuration steps except the defconfig
file should use corenet32_smp_defconfig.
To boot the 32-bit Linux kernel:
$ qemu-system-ppc64 -M ppce500 -cpu e500mc -smp 4 -m 2G \
-display none -serial stdio \
-kernel vmlinux \
-initrd /path/to/rootfs.cpio \
-append "root=/dev/ram"
Running U-Boot
U-Boot mainline v2021.07 release is tested at the time of writing. To build a
U-Boot mainline bootloader that can be booted by the ppce500
machine, use
the qemu-ppce500_defconfig with similar commands as described above for Linux:
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=powerpc-linux-
$ make qemu-ppce500_defconfig
You will get u-boot file in the build tree.
When U-Boot boots, you will notice the following if using with -cpu e6500
:
CPU: Unknown, Version: 0.0, (0x00000000)
Core: e6500, Version: 2.0, (0x80400020)
This is because we only specified a core name to QEMU and it does not have a meaningful SVR value which represents an actual SoC that integrates such core. You can specify a real world SoC device that QEMU has built-in support but all these SoCs are e500v2 based MPC85xx series, hence you cannot test anything built for P4080 (e500mc), P5020 (e5500) and T2080 (e6500).
Networking
By default a VirtIO standard PCI networking device is connected as an ethernet interface at PCI address 0.1.0, but we can switch that to an e1000 NIC by:
$ qemu-system-ppc64 -M ppce500 -smp 4 -m 2G \
-display none -serial stdio \
-bios u-boot \
-nic tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no,model=e1000
The QEMU ppce500
machine can also dynamically instantiate an eTSEC device
if “-device eTSEC” is given to QEMU:
-netdev tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no,id=net0 -device eTSEC,netdev=net0
Root file system on flash drive
Rather than using a root file system on ram disk, it is possible to have it on CFI flash. Given an ext2 image whose size must be a power of two, it can be used as follows:
$ qemu-system-ppc64 -M ppce500 -cpu e500mc -smp 4 -m 2G \
-display none -serial stdio \
-kernel vmlinux \
-drive if=pflash,file=/path/to/rootfs.ext2,format=raw \
-append "rootwait root=/dev/mtdblock0"