Usage¶

Defining a context¶

Contexts are defined in the privsep/__init__.py file. For example, this defines a sys_admin_pctxt with CAP_CHOWN, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH, CAP_FOWNER, CAP_NET_ADMIN, and CAP_SYS_ADMIN rights (equivalent to sudo rights):

from oslo_privsep import capabilities
from oslo_privsep import priv_context

sys_admin_pctxt = priv_context.PrivContext(
    'nova',
    cfg_section='nova_sys_admin',
    pypath=__name__ + '.sys_admin_pctxt',
    capabilities=[capabilities.CAP_CHOWN,
                  capabilities.CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE,
                  capabilities.CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH,
                  capabilities.CAP_FOWNER,
                  capabilities.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
                  capabilities.CAP_SYS_ADMIN],
)

from oslo_privsep import capabilities
from oslo_privsep import priv_context

dhcp_release_cmd = priv_context.PrivContext(
    __name__,
    cfg_section='privsep_dhcp_release',
    pypath=__name__ + '.dhcp_release_cmd',
    capabilities=[caps.CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
                  caps.CAP_NET_ADMIN],
    timeout=5
)

Defining a privileged function¶

Functions are defined in files under the privsep/ subdirectory, for example in a privsep/motd.py file for functions touching the MOTD file. They make use of a decorator pointing to the context we defined above:

import nova.privsep

@nova.privsep.sys_admin_pctxt.entrypoint
def update_motd(message):
    with open('/etc/motd', 'w') as f:
        f.write(message)

Privileged functions must be as simple, specialized and narrow as possible, so as to prevent further escalation. In this example, update_motd(message) is narrow: it only allows the service to overwrite the MOTD file. If a more generic update_file(filename, content) was created, it could be used to overwrite any file in the filesystem, allowing easy escalation to root rights. That would defeat the whole purpose of oslo.privsep.

from oslo_privsep import daemon

from neutron import privileged

@privileged.default.entrypoint_with_timeout(timeout=5)
def get_link_devices(namespace, **kwargs):
    try:
        with get_iproute(namespace) as ip:
            return make_serializable(ip.get_links(**kwargs))
    except OSError as e:
        if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
            raise NetworkNamespaceNotFound(netns_name=namespace)
        raise
    except daemon.FailedToDropPrivileges:
        raise
    except daemon.PrivsepTimeout:
        raise

Using a privileged function¶

To use the privileged function in the regular code, you can just call it:

import nova.privsep.motd
...

nova.privsep.motd.update_motd('This node is currently idle')

It is better to import the complete path (import nova.privsep.motd) rather than the motd name (from nova.privsep import motd) so that it is easier to spot that the function runs in a different privileged context.

For more details, you can read the following blog post:

• How to make a privileged call with oslo privsep

Converting from rootwrap to privsep¶

oslo.rootwrap is a precursor of oslo.privsep to allow code to run commands under sudo if they match a predefined filter. For example, you could define a filter that would allow you to run chmod as root using the following filter:

chmod: CommandFilter, chmod, root

Beyond the bad performance of calling full commands in order to accomplish simple tasks, rootwrap also led to bad security: it was difficult to filter commands in a way that would not easily allow privilege escalation.

Replacing rootwrap filters with privsep functions is easy. The chmod filter above can be replaced with a function that calls os.chmod(). However a straight 1:1 filter:function replacement generally results in functions that are still too broad for good security. It is better to replace each chmod rootwrap call with a narrow privsep function that will limit it to specific files.

Sometimes it is necessary to refactor the calling code: the rootwrap design discouraged the creation of new filters and therefore often resulted in the creation of overly-broad calling functions.

As an example, this patch series is work-in-progress to transition Nova from rootwrap to privsep.

For more details, you can read the following blog post:

• Adding oslo privsep to a new project, a worked example