numpy.random.randint

numpy.random.randint(low, high=None, size=None, dtype=int)

Return random integers from low (inclusive) to high (exclusive).

Return random integers from the “discrete uniform” distribution of the specified dtype in the “half-open” interval [low, high). If high is None (the default), then results are from [0, low).

Note

New code should use the integers method of a default_rng() instance instead; please see the Quick Start.

Parameters

lowint or array-like of ints

Lowest (signed) integers to be drawn from the distribution (unless high=None, in which case this parameter is one above the highest such integer).

highint or array-like of ints, optional

If provided, one above the largest (signed) integer to be drawn from the distribution (see above for behavior if high=None). If array-like, must contain integer values

sizeint or tuple of ints, optional

Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k), then m * n * k samples are drawn. Default is None, in which case a single value is returned.

dtypedtype, optional

Desired dtype of the result. Byteorder must be native. The default value is int.

New in version 1.11.0.

Returns

outint or ndarray of ints

size-shaped array of random integers from the appropriate distribution, or a single such random int if size not provided.

See also

random_integers

similar to randint, only for the closed interval [low, high], and 1 is the lowest value if high is omitted.

Generator.integers

which should be used for new code.

Examples

>>> np.random.randint(2, size=10)
array([1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]) # random
>>> np.random.randint(1, size=10)
array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

Generate a 2 x 4 array of ints between 0 and 4, inclusive:

>>> np.random.randint(5, size=(2, 4))
array([[4, 0, 2, 1], # random
       [3, 2, 2, 0]])

Generate a 1 x 3 array with 3 different upper bounds

>>> np.random.randint(1, [3, 5, 10])
array([2, 2, 9]) # random

Generate a 1 by 3 array with 3 different lower bounds

>>> np.random.randint([1, 5, 7], 10)
array([9, 8, 7]) # random

Generate a 2 by 4 array using broadcasting with dtype of uint8

>>> np.random.randint([1, 3, 5, 7], [[10], [20]], dtype=np.uint8)
array([[ 8,  6,  9,  7], # random
       [ 1, 16,  9, 12]], dtype=uint8)