Source code for nacl.public

# Copyright 2013 Donald Stufft and individual contributors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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from typing import ClassVar, Generic, Optional, Type, TypeVar

import nacl.bindings
from nacl import encoding
from nacl import exceptions as exc
from nacl.encoding import Encoder
from nacl.utils import EncryptedMessage, StringFixer, random


[docs]class PublicKey(encoding.Encodable, StringFixer): """ The public key counterpart to an Curve25519 :class:`nacl.public.PrivateKey` for encrypting messages. :param public_key: [:class:`bytes`] Encoded Curve25519 public key :param encoder: A class that is able to decode the `public_key` :cvar SIZE: The size that the public key is required to be """ SIZE: ClassVar[int] = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES def __init__( self, public_key: bytes, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ): self._public_key = encoder.decode(public_key) if not isinstance(self._public_key, bytes): raise exc.TypeError("PublicKey must be created from 32 bytes") if len(self._public_key) != self.SIZE: raise exc.ValueError( "The public key must be exactly {} bytes long".format( self.SIZE ) ) def __bytes__(self) -> bytes: return self._public_key def __hash__(self) -> int: return hash(bytes(self)) def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: if not isinstance(other, self.__class__): return False return nacl.bindings.sodium_memcmp(bytes(self), bytes(other)) def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool: return not (self == other)
[docs]class PrivateKey(encoding.Encodable, StringFixer): """ Private key for decrypting messages using the Curve25519 algorithm. .. warning:: This **must** be protected and remain secret. Anyone who knows the value of your :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey` can decrypt any message encrypted by the corresponding :class:`~nacl.public.PublicKey` :param private_key: The private key used to decrypt messages :param encoder: The encoder class used to decode the given keys :cvar SIZE: The size that the private key is required to be :cvar SEED_SIZE: The size that the seed used to generate the private key is required to be """ SIZE: ClassVar[int] = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_SECRETKEYBYTES SEED_SIZE: ClassVar[int] = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_SEEDBYTES def __init__( self, private_key: bytes, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ): # Decode the secret_key private_key = encoder.decode(private_key) # verify the given secret key type and size are correct if not ( isinstance(private_key, bytes) and len(private_key) == self.SIZE ): raise exc.TypeError( ( "PrivateKey must be created from a {} " "bytes long raw secret key" ).format(self.SIZE) ) raw_public_key = nacl.bindings.crypto_scalarmult_base(private_key) self._private_key = private_key self.public_key = PublicKey(raw_public_key) @classmethod def from_seed( cls, seed: bytes, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ) -> "PrivateKey": """ Generate a PrivateKey using a deterministic construction starting from a caller-provided seed .. warning:: The seed **must** be high-entropy; therefore, its generator **must** be a cryptographic quality random function like, for example, :func:`~nacl.utils.random`. .. warning:: The seed **must** be protected and remain secret. Anyone who knows the seed is really in possession of the corresponding PrivateKey. :param seed: The seed used to generate the private key :rtype: :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey` """ # decode the seed seed = encoder.decode(seed) # Verify the given seed type and size are correct if not (isinstance(seed, bytes) and len(seed) == cls.SEED_SIZE): raise exc.TypeError( ( "PrivateKey seed must be a {} bytes long " "binary sequence" ).format(cls.SEED_SIZE) ) # generate a raw keypair from the given seed raw_pk, raw_sk = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_seed_keypair(seed) # construct a instance from the raw secret key return cls(raw_sk) def __bytes__(self) -> bytes: return self._private_key def __hash__(self) -> int: return hash((type(self), bytes(self.public_key))) def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: if not isinstance(other, self.__class__): return False return self.public_key == other.public_key def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool: return not (self == other)
[docs] @classmethod def generate(cls) -> "PrivateKey": """ Generates a random :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey` object :rtype: :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey` """ return cls(random(PrivateKey.SIZE), encoder=encoding.RawEncoder)
_Box = TypeVar("_Box", bound="Box")
[docs]class Box(encoding.Encodable, StringFixer): """ The Box class boxes and unboxes messages between a pair of keys The ciphertexts generated by :class:`~nacl.public.Box` include a 16 byte authenticator which is checked as part of the decryption. An invalid authenticator will cause the decrypt function to raise an exception. The authenticator is not a signature. Once you've decrypted the message you've demonstrated the ability to create arbitrary valid message, so messages you send are repudiable. For non-repudiable messages, sign them after encryption. :param private_key: :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey` used to encrypt and decrypt messages :param public_key: :class:`~nacl.public.PublicKey` used to encrypt and decrypt messages :cvar NONCE_SIZE: The size that the nonce is required to be. """ NONCE_SIZE: ClassVar[int] = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_NONCEBYTES _shared_key: bytes def __init__(self, private_key: PrivateKey, public_key: PublicKey): if not isinstance(private_key, PrivateKey) or not isinstance( public_key, PublicKey ): raise exc.TypeError( "Box must be created from a PrivateKey and a PublicKey" ) self._shared_key = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_beforenm( public_key.encode(encoder=encoding.RawEncoder), private_key.encode(encoder=encoding.RawEncoder), ) def __bytes__(self) -> bytes: return self._shared_key
[docs] @classmethod def decode( cls: Type[_Box], encoded: bytes, encoder: Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder ) -> _Box: """ Alternative constructor. Creates a Box from an existing Box's shared key. """ # Create an empty box box: _Box = cls.__new__(cls) # Assign our decoded value to the shared key of the box box._shared_key = encoder.decode(encoded) return box
[docs] def encrypt( self, plaintext: bytes, nonce: Optional[bytes] = None, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ) -> EncryptedMessage: """ Encrypts the plaintext message using the given `nonce` (or generates one randomly if omitted) and returns the ciphertext encoded with the encoder. .. warning:: It is **VITALLY** important that the nonce is a nonce, i.e. it is a number used only once for any given key. If you fail to do this, you compromise the privacy of the messages encrypted. :param plaintext: [:class:`bytes`] The plaintext message to encrypt :param nonce: [:class:`bytes`] The nonce to use in the encryption :param encoder: The encoder to use to encode the ciphertext :rtype: [:class:`nacl.utils.EncryptedMessage`] """ if nonce is None: nonce = random(self.NONCE_SIZE) if len(nonce) != self.NONCE_SIZE: raise exc.ValueError( "The nonce must be exactly %s bytes long" % self.NONCE_SIZE ) ciphertext = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_afternm( plaintext, nonce, self._shared_key, ) encoded_nonce = encoder.encode(nonce) encoded_ciphertext = encoder.encode(ciphertext) return EncryptedMessage._from_parts( encoded_nonce, encoded_ciphertext, encoder.encode(nonce + ciphertext), )
[docs] def decrypt( self, ciphertext: bytes, nonce: Optional[bytes] = None, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ) -> bytes: """ Decrypts the ciphertext using the `nonce` (explicitly, when passed as a parameter or implicitly, when omitted, as part of the ciphertext) and returns the plaintext message. :param ciphertext: [:class:`bytes`] The encrypted message to decrypt :param nonce: [:class:`bytes`] The nonce used when encrypting the ciphertext :param encoder: The encoder used to decode the ciphertext. :rtype: [:class:`bytes`] """ # Decode our ciphertext ciphertext = encoder.decode(ciphertext) if nonce is None: # If we were given the nonce and ciphertext combined, split them. nonce = ciphertext[: self.NONCE_SIZE] ciphertext = ciphertext[self.NONCE_SIZE :] if len(nonce) != self.NONCE_SIZE: raise exc.ValueError( "The nonce must be exactly %s bytes long" % self.NONCE_SIZE ) plaintext = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_open_afternm( ciphertext, nonce, self._shared_key, ) return plaintext
[docs] def shared_key(self) -> bytes: """ Returns the Curve25519 shared secret, that can then be used as a key in other symmetric ciphers. .. warning:: It is **VITALLY** important that you use a nonce with your symmetric cipher. If you fail to do this, you compromise the privacy of the messages encrypted. Ensure that the key length of your cipher is 32 bytes. :rtype: [:class:`bytes`] """ return self._shared_key
_Key = TypeVar("_Key", PublicKey, PrivateKey)
[docs]class SealedBox(Generic[_Key], encoding.Encodable, StringFixer): """ The SealedBox class boxes and unboxes messages addressed to a specified key-pair by using ephemeral sender's keypairs, whose private part will be discarded just after encrypting a single plaintext message. The ciphertexts generated by :class:`~nacl.public.SecretBox` include the public part of the ephemeral key before the :class:`~nacl.public.Box` ciphertext. :param recipient_key: a :class:`~nacl.public.PublicKey` used to encrypt messages and derive nonces, or a :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey` used to decrypt messages. .. versionadded:: 1.2 """ _public_key: bytes _private_key: Optional[bytes] def __init__(self, recipient_key: _Key): if isinstance(recipient_key, PublicKey): self._public_key = recipient_key.encode( encoder=encoding.RawEncoder ) self._private_key = None elif isinstance(recipient_key, PrivateKey): self._private_key = recipient_key.encode( encoder=encoding.RawEncoder ) self._public_key = recipient_key.public_key.encode( encoder=encoding.RawEncoder ) else: raise exc.TypeError( "SealedBox must be created from a PublicKey or a PrivateKey" ) def __bytes__(self) -> bytes: return self._public_key
[docs] def encrypt( self, plaintext: bytes, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ) -> bytes: """ Encrypts the plaintext message using a random-generated ephemeral keypair and returns a "composed ciphertext", containing both the public part of the keypair and the ciphertext proper, encoded with the encoder. The private part of the ephemeral key-pair will be scrubbed before returning the ciphertext, therefore, the sender will not be able to decrypt the generated ciphertext. :param plaintext: [:class:`bytes`] The plaintext message to encrypt :param encoder: The encoder to use to encode the ciphertext :return bytes: encoded ciphertext """ ciphertext = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_seal(plaintext, self._public_key) encoded_ciphertext = encoder.encode(ciphertext) return encoded_ciphertext
[docs] def decrypt( self: "SealedBox[PrivateKey]", ciphertext: bytes, encoder: encoding.Encoder = encoding.RawEncoder, ) -> bytes: """ Decrypts the ciphertext using the ephemeral public key enclosed in the ciphertext and the SealedBox private key, returning the plaintext message. :param ciphertext: [:class:`bytes`] The encrypted message to decrypt :param encoder: The encoder used to decode the ciphertext. :return bytes: The original plaintext :raises TypeError: if this SealedBox was created with a :class:`~nacl.public.PublicKey` rather than a :class:`~nacl.public.PrivateKey`. """ # Decode our ciphertext ciphertext = encoder.decode(ciphertext) if self._private_key is None: raise TypeError( "SealedBoxes created with a public key cannot decrypt" ) plaintext = nacl.bindings.crypto_box_seal_open( ciphertext, self._public_key, self._private_key, ) return plaintext