"""
=====================================
Resizing axes with constrained layout
=====================================

Constrained layout attempts to resize subplots in
a figure so that there are no overlaps between axes objects and labels
on the axes.

See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide` for more details and
:doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/tight_layout_guide` for an alternative.

"""

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def example_plot(ax):
    ax.plot([1, 2])
    ax.set_xlabel('x-label', fontsize=12)
    ax.set_ylabel('y-label', fontsize=12)
    ax.set_title('Title', fontsize=14)


###############################################################################
# If we don't use constrained_layout, then labels overlap the axes

fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2, constrained_layout=False)

for ax in axs.flat:
    example_plot(ax)

###############################################################################
# adding ``constrained_layout=True`` automatically adjusts.

fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2, constrained_layout=True)

for ax in axs.flat:
    example_plot(ax)

###############################################################################
# Below is a more complicated example using nested gridspecs.

fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True)

import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec

gs0 = gridspec.GridSpec(1, 2, figure=fig)

gs1 = gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(3, 1, subplot_spec=gs0[0])
for n in range(3):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(gs1[n])
    example_plot(ax)


gs2 = gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(2, 1, subplot_spec=gs0[1])
for n in range(2):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(gs2[n])
    example_plot(ax)

plt.show()

#############################################################################
#
# ------------
#
# References
# """"""""""
#
# The use of the following functions and methods is shown in this example:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec
matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec