Geocoding¶
geopandas supports geocoding (i.e., converting place names to
location on Earth) through geopy, an optional dependency of geopandas.
The following example shows how to use the Google geocoding API to get the
locations of boroughs in New York City, and plots those locations along
with the detailed borough boundary file included within geopandas.
In [1]: boros = geopandas.read_file(geopandas.datasets.get_path("nybb"))
In [2]: boros.BoroName
Out[2]:
0 Staten Island
1 Queens
2 Brooklyn
3 Manhattan
4 Bronx
Name: BoroName, dtype: object
In [3]: boro_locations = geopandas.tools.geocode(boros.BoroName, provider="google")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
gaierror Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
1317 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
-> 1318 encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
1319 except OSError as err: # timeout error
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1238 """Send a complete request to the server."""
-> 1239 self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1240
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1284 body = _encode(body, 'body')
-> 1285 self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
1286
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in endheaders(self, message_body, encode_chunked)
1233 raise CannotSendHeader()
-> 1234 self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
1235
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in _send_output(self, message_body, encode_chunked)
1025 del self._buffer[:]
-> 1026 self.send(msg)
1027
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in send(self, data)
963 if self.auto_open:
--> 964 self.connect()
965 else:
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in connect(self)
1391
-> 1392 super().connect()
1393
/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py in connect(self)
935 self.sock = self._create_connection(
--> 936 (self.host,self.port), self.timeout, self.source_address)
937 self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
/usr/lib/python3.6/socket.py in create_connection(address, timeout, source_address)
703 err = None
--> 704 for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
705 af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
/usr/lib/python3.6/socket.py in getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags)
744 addrlist = []
--> 745 for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
746 af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
gaierror: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
URLError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/geopy/geocoders/base.py in _call_geocoder(self, url, timeout, raw, requester, deserializer, **kwargs)
142 try:
--> 143 page = requester(req, timeout=(timeout or self.timeout), **kwargs)
144 except Exception as error: # pylint: disable=W0703
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
222 opener = _opener
--> 223 return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
224
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
525
--> 526 response = self._open(req, data)
527
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in _open(self, req, data)
543 result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
--> 544 '_open', req)
545 if result:
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in _call_chain(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)
503 func = getattr(handler, meth_name)
--> 504 result = func(*args)
505 if result is not None:
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in https_open(self, req)
1360 return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
-> 1361 context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
1362
/usr/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py in do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
1319 except OSError as err: # timeout error
-> 1320 raise URLError(err)
1321 r = h.getresponse()
URLError: <urlopen error [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution>
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
GeocoderServiceError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-dd5cb0f23cae> in <module>()
----> 1 boro_locations = geopandas.tools.geocode(boros.BoroName, provider="google")
/build/python-geopandas-0.4.0/geopandas/tools/geocoding.py in geocode(strings, provider, **kwargs)
60
61 """
---> 62 return _query(strings, True, provider, **kwargs)
63
64
/build/python-geopandas-0.4.0/geopandas/tools/geocoding.py in _query(data, forward, provider, **kwargs)
124 try:
125 if forward:
--> 126 results[i] = coder.geocode(s)
127 else:
128 results[i] = coder.reverse((s.y, s.x), exactly_one=True)
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/geopy/geocoders/googlev3.py in geocode(self, query, exactly_one, timeout, bounds, region, components, language, sensor)
215 logger.debug("%s.geocode: %s", self.__class__.__name__, url)
216 return self._parse_json(
--> 217 self._call_geocoder(url, timeout=timeout), exactly_one
218 )
219
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/geopy/geocoders/base.py in _call_geocoder(self, url, timeout, raw, requester, deserializer, **kwargs)
169 if "timed out" in message:
170 raise GeocoderTimedOut('Service timed out')
--> 171 raise GeocoderServiceError(message)
172
173 if hasattr(page, 'getcode'):
GeocoderServiceError: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution
In [4]: boro_locations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-796f7e9a655e> in <module>()
----> 1 boro_locations
NameError: name 'boro_locations' is not defined
In [5]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
In [6]: fig, ax = plt.subplots()
In [7]: boros.to_crs({"init": "epsg:4326"}).plot(ax=ax, color="white", edgecolor="black");
In [8]: boro_locations.plot(ax=ax, color="red");
The argument to provider can either be a string referencing geocoding
services, such as 'google', 'bing', 'yahoo', and
'openmapquest', or an instance of a Geocoder from geopy. See
geopy.geocoders.SERVICE_TO_GEOCODER for the full list.
For many providers, parameters such as API keys need to be passed as
**kwargs in the geocode call.
Please consult the Terms of Service for the chosen provider.