Only internal cards that plug into an ISA or PCI slot are
supported. ISA Plug&Play cards are also supported, but need some additional
manual configuration by means of the isapnptools. For details on the
configuration see question
config_pnp.
Internal cards may be active, semi-active, or passive. Unless you have paid big money, assume you have a passive card. More about the difference: see question hardware_activepassive.
Right now there is a driver for all passive card with certain Siemens
chipsets (HiSax driver). Have a look at the README.HiSax that comes
with the driver for the most up to date information on supported cards and
which parameter to pass to Hisax.
Here the status from 1st February 2002 (constantly improving):
cat /proc/pci. You have HFC-PCI if you have a line
saying "Master capable" for your card.In Germany: every ISDN card which German Telekom distributed in the past is supported (the same is NOT true for the PBX they distributed).
The following cards are definitely not supported and will probably never be supported, since the manufacturers have not released the specifications for their very proprietary hardware/protocols:
As for the Eumex 404, there is an unofficial binary driver for isdn4linux with Suse 6.3, which may or may not help you. Use it at your own risk: http://home.t-online.de/home/MetalMilitia/eumex.htm
An active ISDN card handles most of the ISDN connection protocols (dialing, accepting calls, etc.) itself. The card includes a kind of minicomputer with its own software (firmware). With a passive card, the computer in which the card is installed has to perform these functions.
In principle, both types are supported by isdn4linux. However, since active cards have non-standard interfaces, a driver can only be made when the producer publishes the specifications for the interface. Also, the card's firmware needs to be made freely available. In contrast, many passive cards share the same chipset. Therefore many passive cards can be supported once a driver supports this one chipset.
These active cards are currently supported by an individual driver:
The developers suggest using ELSA cards. ELSA has made their specifications available to the developers, and provided a lot of support, resulting in an excellent driver. Also, their cards are certified for usage in Germany, see question country_certified.
If you want to buy an active card, then the developers would recommend the PCI Server from Eicon. The reason is that it can fax on both channels with AT class 2 commands, and includes a V.90 modem. The AVM B1 works also very well, and is likewise recommended. Old versions (up to 3.0) could receive faxes only on one channel, but since AVM B1 PCI V4 all channels can be used simulateously for sending and receiving faxes. See also question hardware_avmb1 for more details about this card. The Hypercope cards have also been reported to work very well, servicing all available channels for faxing. However, they require a hardware update for faxing and their linux driver is fairly new. See also question hardware_hypercope for more details about this card.
If faxing is important for you, but you don't want to spent the money for an active card, then a card with ISAR chipset may work well for you, e.g. Sedlbauer Speedfax+ (in Germany you may be able to buy it at Conrads).
And if you want to buy a USB terminal adapter, then the Gazel 128 USB from BeWAN Systems http://www.bewan.com has been reported to work fine with the hisax_st5481 module.
Generally not, but it doesn't need to. Terminal adapters are designed to behave either like a modem or like a network card. Linux already supports both modems and network cards without isdn4linux - so no special ISDN driver is necessary (which usually greatly simplifies the configuration). For example, have a look at the dialout program wvdial.
However, there is (at least) one exception. The Gazel 128 USB from BeWAN System in France http://www.bewan.com has been reported to work fine with the hisax_st5481 module. For configuration hints have a look at: http://www.posern.org/my-prjs/isdn/.
For any details in this direction have a look at the excellent cable FAQ, which can be found at least in a German version at: http://www.in-berlin.de/User/scorpio/faqkabel.html.
On many PCI boards, interrupt 12 is often used by a PS/2 mouse (even though you may not have any or the IRQ is not activated for it). It may be used even when you have no PS/2 port. Interrupt 15 is also often used by the second IDE bus (even when you are not using it or the IRQ is not activated for it). Even though one thinks that some IRQs are available they are still somehow reserved by the BIOS. Good IRQs to try are always IRQ 5 and IRQ 9. Without mice or modems you could also try 4 and 3, which works even on very exotic boards.
Yes, the drivers have been written to work with shared interrupts. However,
at least for the AVM Fritz!PCI card occasional problems have been reported
for motherboards with a BIOS bug (DFI motherboards K6BV3+, P5BV3+ K6XV3).
Try to disable the BIOS option CPU to PCI WRITE Buffer in those
cases as a workaround.
At least these S2M cards have been reported to work:
At least these PCMCIA cards have been reported to work:
Yes, this works nicely. However, make sure to compile the kernel and all
modules with option SMP. If you run into problems when both CPUs try to
handle the same IRQ, try to boot with noapic.
In principle yes, however your hardware choice is currently limited to active cards and external devices. Most desired are external devices using standard interfaces (network, USB) which do not require isdn4linux at all. The drivers for passive cards are currently not working under 64bit. Obviously you can also not make use of binary drivers, unless you find a binary compiled for 64bit.
One external USB device based on the HFC-S chipset reported to work with isdn4linux is the Sitecom DC 104 with serial number greater than SN 46000202 (olders are ST chipset based, they have the same box). Also "tiny USB TA" from Billion, and "surf mini usb" from Acer have been reported to work.
Yes, most cards should run with isdn4linux on a DEC Alpha. Many cards have been reported to work with the HiSax driver. Also the active ICN card has been reported to work.
Probably not. There are three options for (internal) isdn in the SUN enviroment:
Yes, in theory most cards should work. However some Endian format issues remain due to the bugs. I heard that the AVMFritz!PCIv2 card may work well with the old isdn4linux drivers (even with asterisk via chan_modem_i4l). Also the Eicon Diva Server cards should work. You are welcome to report any bugs and fixes to the mailing list.
In any case, you may also get a terminal adapter (= external ISDN "modem"). Since then you don't need isdn4linux (see question hardware_external), this is not covered here any further.
It depends on the availability of slots, interrupts/IO addresses in your computer as well as the possibilities of the ISDN card. Most passive cards are limited by the supported IO addresses (e.g.: Teles 16.x: only 3 addresses are legally possible: 0xf80, 0xd80, 0xe80), and the total usage of interrupts (every card needs one).
To use more cards, the ICN card may be your choice. It has no interrupts, a more flexible port configuration and the driver places the shared memory area of all ICN cards at the same address. The card memory is shown only as needed. Therefore, one can use as many cards are there are slots.
If you really need a lot of ports, then eventuelly, a S2M card might be interesting for you, see question hardware_s2m.
See question config_manycards about the specialities for the configuration of more than one card.
Cards with an HFC-PCI chip allow some specialities that are not possible with other ISDN cards. So it is possible to run the card in NT mode (requires crossing the ISDN connection and change by software) - this means you can simulate to another ISDN card that your card is an NTBA. Since isdn4linux does not implement the level 3 protocol used by the exchange, you can only use this mode like a leased line.
However, some special software named PBX4Linux has been written for this.
You may want to have a look at the German article in ct 9/2004 on how to use
PBX4Linux. You can also check the web site
http://isdn.jolly.de.
You may especially be interested in the information about card support for the
NT mode with mISDN at:
http://isdn.jolly.de/cards.html.
Another alternative for emulation of a PBX is Asterisk, to be found on:
http://www.asterisk.org.
Also, it is possible to give up one B-channel in exchange for reading the complete D-channel protocol, which is great for isdnlog. The later can also be done with a reversed card (see question isdnlog_reversedcard) but with HFC chips this works much more reliably and cleanly. You can activate this special echo mode by calling:
hisaxctrl <driver_name> 10 1 hisaxctrl <driver_name> 12 1
hisaxctrl <driver_name> 12 0 hisaxctrl <driver_name> 10 2
Cards with HFC chips may be difficult to run on older mainboards.
Ensure with lspci -v that an IRQ has been assigned to the card
(if not check the PnP bios settings). Verify that the card is
located in a slot with busmaster DMA capabilities. Verify whether the
kernel is compiled such that it will run on your CPU (newer
distributions may not run on CPUs like 486 or Pentium; Suse provides
the kernel 'k_i386' to run with older hardware).
Generally, ELSA supports the ISDN4LINUX developers quite well with documentation on how to access their cards. Thus, these cards are well supported and very recommendable for use under ISDN4LINUX. Also, the ELSA Quickstep 1000 PCI (new name Microlink PCI) is one of the only brands of cards that are officially certified for use in Germany, and therefore in EC (see question country_certified for more information on certification).
However, there is a speciality with some non-PCI-conformal mainboards and
the ELSA Quickstep 1000pro-PCI. These mainboards set the IO address to
incorrect values (they need to be on 0x100 boundaries, and in a higher
area). This may create an error message like
"You may have the wrong PCI bios" and hang the system. The best fix
is a Bios upgrade. If this is not feasible, you can get the module
pcitest from Karsten Keil
keil@isdn4linux.de. It will initialize the card correctly,
then exit with an intentional error (thus not occupying any memory).
To interface from ELSA's RJ11 plug to an RJ45 cable, use the following cabling scheme:
RJ11 - RJ45
pins 1234 12345678
Cable abcd --abcd--
Regarding the Elsa Microlink ISDN USB: contrary to previous announcements it does NOT works like a serial terminal adapter with the USB communication class driver. Currently, it is not supported by isdn4linux.
The Sedlbauer card comes in several versions:
The Speedwin is a normal passive card with no specialities.
The Speedfax has a very special hardware: it is a semiactive card based on the ISAR chipset which supports sending/receiving faxes and an analog modem up to 14400. It is special in that you use it with HiSax which normally works only for passive cards. As all active card you have to load its firmware (in this case after loading HiSax) from the file ISAR.BIN, which is part of the isdn4k-utils.
Please note that compression (V42bis, MNP) are not implemented in firmware,
and therefore not supported when using the analog modem. The ideal init
string for the card to allow modem dialin is AT%C0\N0.
If for some fax senders receiving by Hylafax does not work, then try to set the following configuration parameter for Hylafax:
Class1SwitchingDelay: 75
The Sedlbauer Speedfax PCI is special in that it was produced just for Linux - there is no driver for it under Windows.
First the latest news: according to the German magazine ct 02/2001, Teles has closed down its business activities in the ISDN area. Therefore, this FAQ does not really apply any more. However, I'll keep this FAQ for now to document Teles' attitude towards their customers. The author has had personal experience with Teles since 1994.
One of the most frequently asked questions for Teles cards: The Teles card
16.3c has a crippled FIFO, therefore it is required to use
AT&B1024 when using the ttyI* devices (if the remote side still
send packets with more than 1024 bytes it will not work
- unfortunately many CAPIs use 2048 bytes as default).
The latest Teles PCI card needs the netjet driver, the teles driver
will NOT work (that card identifies itself as 'TigerJet Tiger300' when doing a
cat /proc/pci).
Now some comments about Teles in general (these are the personal opinions of the author of this FAQ, please blame nobody else than me):
Teles' business practices are very customer- and developer-unfriendly when compared to those of other companies. Naturally, the developers give priority to cards for which support is available, and where the specifications are freely available.
So far, Teles has had a very unfriendly attitude towards the i4l developers. No support has ever been received from them, and they don't publish any information about how to access their card. The developers have invested a lot of private effort into getting this card to work from the beginning without receiving any support. The driver has been a complete private effort. Yet, Teles has bragged on their web site that their cards run under Linux, without giving proper credit.
Even companies that buy Teles cards and resell them under their own name have not been able to improve the support. This has lead to the situation where a re-branding company (!) itself had to go through the effort of obtaining approval to legally use i4l in Germany on a Teles card.
From a customer point of view, check out the prices for their hotline before you buy any hardware from them! The author of the FAQ refuses to use any hotline that charges 216,- DM per hour. Reports about quality and waiting time have not always been favorable.
And this company did not even give away drivers for other operating systems, like Windows, for free for many years (I know about 1995-2000). Only since about April 2000 you can download the drivers over the Internet. Before you had to dial up a very expensive number (0190) where you had to pay about DM 1,20 per minute in Germany to download the driver. Not that it's advisable to use Windows anyway, but just to let you know...
Warning: Teles has often changed their cards without notice, while still using the same name. When you buy a Teles card, you may find out that your brand-new card can not be supported by i4l! (As has happened many times in the past...)
The developers will try to support new Teles cards when information about how to access it becomes available, and when they have no other priorities. Of course you can always send a patch.
The Fritz! card comes in different variations. Since the PCI card and the ISA/PNP card have the same type (27), hisax will assume an ISA/PNP card if you pass an io address, and a PCI card if you do NOT pass an io address. Make sure to give the parameters properly.
The newest Fritz! PCI card (v2.0) is now supported by a new driver, however it has not yet been tested thoroughly. The card can be identified by lspci returning 0e00 as the card id.
If the interrupt for the card is shared with other devices and your card does not work, then there could be an issue with the motherboard. See question hardware_irqsharing for this.
One very interesting thing: the Fritz! card was the first card for which a capi driver existed which can be configured to fax. See question feature_capi and http://www.avm.de/ftp/cardware/fritzcrd/linux/index.htm for more information on this. Usage of the capi driver is completely optional, you might as well stay with the standard driver if you do not need capi support.
In total three drivers exist: the old Hisax driver (part of isdn4linux), the new mISDN driver, and the binary AVM driver. Only the last one is prepared for sending faxes.
This card supports many special features in its firmware and is very well supported by its Linux driver. It's currently one of the only ISDN cards that you can use to fax under ISDN4LINUX, or which supports the CAPI 2.0 interface. You can get the newest driver from: ftp://ftp.in-berlin.de/pub/capi4linux/. To get the firmware download the two perl scripts from: ftp://ftp.in-berlin.de/pub/capi4linux/firmware/ They will download and extract the firmware from: ftp://ftp.in-berlin.de/pub/capi4linux/firmware/b1/3-11-03/.
To use the AVM on a point-to-point connection ("Anlagenanschluss") add "DSS1 P2P" to the load command for the firmware, like:
avmcapictrl load /usr/lib/isdn/b1.t4 0 DSS1 P2P
There is also a mailing list for problems with the AVM B1 available. Visit https://mlists.in-berlin.de/mailman/listinfo/linux-avmb1 for more details about it.
These cards support several special features in their firmware. They are newly supported by a Linux driver. They are currently one of the only ISDN cards that support the CAPI 2.0 interface. Also, you can use them very well for faxing under ISDN4LINUX (after upgrade with a fax card - possible for HYSDN Ergo2 and HYSDN Metro4).
More information on company and hardware is available on: http://www.hypercope.de Configuration is similar to that of an AVM B1.
This was the first active card supported by isdn4linux. The manufacturer has
always supported i4l developers (
http://www.think.de/).
The ICN does not need any interrupt (polling), therefore a PC can be equipped
with many of them without any interrupt conflicts. The newest firmware should
be available at
ftp://ftp.think.de/pub/isdn4linux/icn/firmware/.
Unfortunately, the ICN is not produced any more.
There are several interesting things.
(MEM 0 (BASE 0x0c8000) (MODE bu) (UPPER 0x0c8400)) # (MEM 0 (BASE 0x0c8000) (MODE br) (UPPER 0x000400)) (REG 0x31 (PEEK)) (REG 0x31 (POKE 0)) (REG 0x31 (PEEK)) (ACT Y) ))
hisaxctrl <id> 9 ISAR.BIN
In general, a dedicated driver exists which supports the active Eicon Diva cards very well. The Pro series are not supported by isdn4linux since it is a semiactive card with a DSP as a B-channel controller. There is no code available in isdn4linux to dynamically load DSP programs into the card. However, check Eicon's website; maybe by now they provide pre-compiled driver for their cards not supported by isdn4linux.
This behavior is typical for a cable with confused a/b wiring. Some NT from Quante had a wrong labeling. They caused exactly the mentioned behavior if the PBX was connected to the plug of the NT and the ISDN card to the pins of the NT. As soon as some device activates the bus the other one can no longer get through.
This question assumes that you are connected by an internal bus that you installed, attached directly to the NT (without using an RJ45 cable).
The easiest way to test it is to buy a little cable tester (the author of this FAQ got one from Conrad Electronics in Germany for 29,- DM - just follow the simple instructions).
Otherwise you have a bit more work. Switch line a1 and b1. If it doesn't work, put them back and switch a2 and b2. If it still doesn't work, try switching them both. As long as {a|b}1 and {a|b}2 are kept, nothing can break. If you want to be sure, before plugging it in measure between pins 4 and 5 and between Pins 2 and 6 on the socket; there should be no current, but between 3 and 4 and between 6 and 5 should be 40 V, 6 and 3 positive.
With the Western plug this works similar. 4 lines are used:
| | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4Then you can try to switch (1 with 4) or (2 with 3) or both. Never switch the outer with the inner lines - this would cross the RX and TX lines and nothing will work.
Check the Cable FAQ for more details on which line should be connected how.
If both devices are attached via RJ45, then one of the cables has been twisted. That usually happens if one of the RJ45 plugs has been attached upside-down (a1/b1 are inside, a2/b2 are outside, so the order of the sending/receiving pairs is maintained), then you just need a new plug and of course pliers for the RJ45, old plug off, and new plug (in the right direction) on.
Many PBX run non-standard ISDN protocolls on their internal bus.
In old versions (before end of August 2003) this could cause i4l to print
warnings like "Unexpected discriminator 0xZZ" (where ZZ is a hexadecimal
number) when it encounters unexpected frames (some old versions even
crash). This can increase your message file by as much as 1 MB in 3 days. The
PBX Ackermann Euracom 181 (discriminator 0xaa) as well as
Ascom (discriminator 0x44/0x47) seem to be notorious for this. You can
avoid the warning by adjusting the switch/case code for isdnlog in function
processctrl(...) in processor.c and recompiling isdnlog.
Since August 2003 ignoring these unknown packages has become the default,
therefore the recompile is not necessary any more.
Please note that isdnlog will not be able to log any incoming data packages, since the PBX has to forward the packages. To see everything, you have to bypass the PBX.
Please be aware, that the PBX may hang if the ISDN card does not respond to the PBX requests - bypass the PBX in such a case.
Also, a PBX may run 1TR6 protocoll on the internal bus by default, rather than Euro ISDN. You have to configure i4l (or the PBX) accordingly, best is you try to configure both on the same or similar protocolls.
Also the MSN may be different than you expect. Check several versions, no
digit (then use 0, which i4l will require in such a case), one digit,
or two digits, or the whole MSN. Best is you call some device (e.g. ISDN
telephone) on the internal bus and check what i4l writes into the log file.
When you can not dial out, the most common problem is that you have not set the MSN properly for outgoing calls, which causes the PBX to refuse your request.
For dial in be aware that some PBX add a leading 0 to any incoming telephone number, so adjust your configuration for the secure option accordingly.
Last, remember that you may have to configure your PBX to 'route' incoming calls onto the internal ISDN bus.
If you have a point-to-point configuration ('Anlagenanschluss') then you cannot connect your card directly to the S0 bus in parallel to the PBX (otherwise nothing will work). You have to connect to an internal ISDN bus. Your MSN is usually the extension at the end of your telefon number.
If your PBX is the Ackermann Euracom, then you may also check out
this German site for the configuration software maKs:
http://www.ganzfix.de
It's probably not a Plug 'n Play card at all - even though Teles now prints PNP on all their card and packaging. The difference is easy to recognize: a real Teles PNP card no longer has the (tiny) Dip switches on the card to set the IO addresses.
These blinking LEDS are often caused by a bad cable or a too long or unterminated SO bus.
This is normal. The ELSA Quickstep 1000 ISA card has a hardware timer on the
card which can not be disabled by software. You have to modify the card
hardware to get rid of it. Check with Karsten Keil for this:
keil@isdn4linux.de