Abstract class that defines an API for iteration on text objects. More...

#include <chariter.h>

Inheritance diagram for icu::CharacterIterator:

Public Types
enum	EOrigin { kStart , kCurrent , kEnd }
	Origin enumeration for the move() and move32() functions. More...

Public Types inherited from icu::ForwardCharacterIterator
enum	{ DONE = 0xffff }
	Value returned by most of ForwardCharacterIterator's functions when the iterator has reached the limits of its iteration. More...

Public Member Functions
virtual	~CharacterIterator ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual CharacterIterator *	clone () const =0
	Returns a pointer to a new CharacterIterator of the same concrete class as this one, and referring to the same character in the same text-storage object as this one. More...

virtual char16_t	first (void)=0
	Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit in its iteration range, and returns that code unit. More...

virtual char16_t	firstPostInc (void)
	Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit in its iteration range, returns that code unit, and moves the position to the second code unit. More...

virtual UChar32	first32 (void)=0
	Sets the iterator to refer to the first code point in its iteration range, and returns that code unit, This can be used to begin an iteration with next32(). More...

virtual UChar32	first32PostInc (void)
	Sets the iterator to refer to the first code point in its iteration range, returns that code point, and moves the position to the second code point. More...

int32_t	setToStart ()
	Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit or code point in its iteration range. More...

virtual char16_t	last (void)=0
	Sets the iterator to refer to the last code unit in its iteration range, and returns that code unit. More...

virtual UChar32	last32 (void)=0
	Sets the iterator to refer to the last code point in its iteration range, and returns that code unit. More...

int32_t	setToEnd ()
	Sets the iterator to the end of its iteration range, just behind the last code unit or code point. More...

virtual char16_t	setIndex (int32_t position)=0
	Sets the iterator to refer to the "position"-th code unit in the text-storage object the iterator refers to, and returns that code unit. More...

virtual UChar32	setIndex32 (int32_t position)=0
	Sets the iterator to refer to the beginning of the code point that contains the "position"-th code unit in the text-storage object the iterator refers to, and returns that code point. More...

virtual char16_t	current (void) const =0
	Returns the code unit the iterator currently refers to. More...

virtual UChar32	current32 (void) const =0
	Returns the code point the iterator currently refers to. More...

virtual char16_t	next (void)=0
	Advances to the next code unit in the iteration range (toward endIndex()), and returns that code unit. More...

virtual UChar32	next32 (void)=0
	Advances to the next code point in the iteration range (toward endIndex()), and returns that code point. More...

virtual char16_t	previous (void)=0
	Advances to the previous code unit in the iteration range (toward startIndex()), and returns that code unit. More...

virtual UChar32	previous32 (void)=0
	Advances to the previous code point in the iteration range (toward startIndex()), and returns that code point. More...

virtual UBool	hasPrevious ()=0
	Returns false if there are no more code units or code points before the current position in the iteration range. More...

int32_t	startIndex (void) const
	Returns the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the character returned by first(). More...

int32_t	endIndex (void) const
	Returns the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the position immediately BEYOND the character returned by last(). More...

int32_t	getIndex (void) const
	Returns the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the character the iterator currently refers to (i.e., the character returned by current()). More...

int32_t	getLength () const
	Returns the length of the entire text in the underlying text-storage object. More...

virtual int32_t	move (int32_t delta, EOrigin origin)=0
	Moves the current position relative to the start or end of the iteration range, or relative to the current position itself. More...

virtual int32_t	move32 (int32_t delta, EOrigin origin)=0
	Moves the current position relative to the start or end of the iteration range, or relative to the current position itself. More...

virtual void	getText (UnicodeString &result)=0
	Copies the text under iteration into the UnicodeString referred to by "result". More...

Public Member Functions inherited from icu::ForwardCharacterIterator
virtual	~ForwardCharacterIterator ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual bool	operator== (const ForwardCharacterIterator &that) const =0
	Returns true when both iterators refer to the same character in the same character-storage object. More...

bool	operator!= (const ForwardCharacterIterator &that) const
	Returns true when the iterators refer to different text-storage objects, or to different characters in the same text-storage object. More...

virtual int32_t	hashCode (void) const =0
	Generates a hash code for this iterator. More...

virtual UClassID	getDynamicClassID (void) const override=0
	Returns a UClassID for this ForwardCharacterIterator ("poor man's RTTI"). More...

virtual char16_t	nextPostInc (void)=0
	Gets the current code unit for returning and advances to the next code unit in the iteration range (toward endIndex()). More...

virtual UChar32	next32PostInc (void)=0
	Gets the current code point for returning and advances to the next code point in the iteration range (toward endIndex()). More...

virtual UBool	hasNext ()=0
	Returns false if there are no more code units or code points at or after the current position in the iteration range. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from icu::UObject
virtual	~UObject ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual UClassID	getDynamicClassID () const
	ICU4C "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual ICU class. More...

Protected Member Functions
	CharacterIterator ()
	Empty constructor. More...

	CharacterIterator (int32_t length)
	Constructor, just setting the length field in this base class. More...

	CharacterIterator (int32_t length, int32_t position)
	Constructor, just setting the length and position fields in this base class. More...

	CharacterIterator (int32_t length, int32_t textBegin, int32_t textEnd, int32_t position)
	Constructor, just setting the length, start, end, and position fields in this base class. More...

	CharacterIterator (const CharacterIterator &that)
	Copy constructor. More...

CharacterIterator &	operator= (const CharacterIterator &that)
	Assignment operator. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from icu::ForwardCharacterIterator
	ForwardCharacterIterator ()
	Default constructor to be overridden in the implementing class. More...

	ForwardCharacterIterator (const ForwardCharacterIterator &other)
	Copy constructor to be overridden in the implementing class. More...

ForwardCharacterIterator &	operator= (const ForwardCharacterIterator &)
	Assignment operator to be overridden in the implementing class. More...

Protected Attributes
int32_t	textLength
	Base class text length field. More...

int32_t	pos
	Base class field for the current position. More...

int32_t	begin
	Base class field for the start of the iteration range. More...

int32_t	end
	Base class field for the end of the iteration range. More...

Detailed Description

Abstract class that defines an API for iteration on text objects.

This is an interface for forward and backward iteration and random access into a text object.

The API provides backward compatibility to the Java and older ICU CharacterIterator classes but extends them significantly:

CharacterIterator is now a subclass of ForwardCharacterIterator.
While the old API functions provided forward iteration with "pre-increment" semantics, the new one also provides functions with "post-increment" semantics. They are more efficient and should be the preferred iterator functions for new implementations. The backward iteration always had "pre-decrement" semantics, which are efficient.
Just like ForwardCharacterIterator, it provides access to both code units and code points. Code point access versions are available for the old and the new iteration semantics.
There are new functions for setting and moving the current position without returning a character, for efficiency.

See ForwardCharacterIterator for examples for using the new forward iteration functions. For backward iteration, there is also a hasPrevious() function that can be used analogously to hasNext(). The old functions work as before and are shown below.

Examples for some of the new functions:

Forward iteration with hasNext():

void forward1(CharacterIterator &it) {
    UChar32 c;
    for(it.setToStart(); it.hasNext();) {
        c=it.next32PostInc();
        // use c
    }
 }

Forward iteration more similar to loops with the old forward iteration, showing a way to convert simple for() loops:

void forward2(CharacterIterator &it) {
    char16_t c;
    for(c=it.firstPostInc(); c!=CharacterIterator::DONE; c=it.nextPostInc()) {
         // use c
     }
}

Backward iteration with setToEnd() and hasPrevious():

void backward1(CharacterIterator &it) {
    UChar32 c;
    for(it.setToEnd(); it.hasPrevious();) {
       c=it.previous32();
        // use c
    }
}

Backward iteration with a more traditional for() loop:

void backward2(CharacterIterator &it) {
    char16_t c;
    for(c=it.last(); c!=CharacterIterator::DONE; c=it.previous()) {
        // use c
     }
 }

Example for random access:

void random(CharacterIterator &it) {
    // set to the third code point from the beginning
    it.move32(3, CharacterIterator::kStart);
    // get a code point from here without moving the position
    UChar32 c=it.current32();
    // get the position
    int32_t pos=it.getIndex();
    // get the previous code unit
    char16_t u=it.previous();
    // move back one more code unit
    it.move(-1, CharacterIterator::kCurrent);
    // set the position back to where it was
    // and read the same code point c and move beyond it
    it.setIndex(pos);
    if(c!=it.next32PostInc()) {
        exit(1); // CharacterIterator inconsistent
    }
}

Examples, especially for the old API:

Function processing characters, in this example simple output

void processChar( char16_t c )
{
    cout << " " << c;
}

Traverse the text from start to finish

 
void traverseForward(CharacterIterator& iter)
{
    for(char16_t c = iter.first(); c != CharacterIterator.DONE; c = iter.next()) {
        processChar(c);
    }
}
icu::CharacterIterator::first
virtual char16_t first(void)=0
Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit in its iteration range, and returns that code unit.
icu::CharacterIterator::next
virtual char16_t next(void)=0
Advances to the next code unit in the iteration range (toward endIndex()), and returns that code unit...

Traverse the text backwards, from end to start

void traverseBackward(CharacterIterator& iter)
{
    for(char16_t c = iter.last(); c != CharacterIterator.DONE; c = iter.previous()) {
        processChar(c);
    }
}

Traverse both forward and backward from a given position in the text. Calls to notBoundary() in this example represents some additional stopping criteria.

void traverseOut(CharacterIterator& iter, int32_t pos)
{
     char16_t c;
     for (c = iter.setIndex(pos);
     c != CharacterIterator.DONE && (Unicode::isLetter(c) || Unicode::isDigit(c));
         c = iter.next()) {}
     int32_t end = iter.getIndex();
     for (c = iter.setIndex(pos);
         c != CharacterIterator.DONE && (Unicode::isLetter(c) || Unicode::isDigit(c));
         c = iter.previous()) {}
     int32_t start = iter.getIndex() + 1;
 
     cout << "start: " << start << " end: " << end << endl;
     for (c = iter.setIndex(start); iter.getIndex() < end; c = iter.next() ) {
         processChar(c);
    }
 }
icu::CharacterIterator::end
int32_t end
Base class field for the end of the iteration range.
Definition: chariter.h:692

Creating a StringCharacterIterator and calling the test functions

void CharacterIterator_Example( void )
 {
     cout << endl << "===== CharacterIterator_Example: =====" << endl;
     UnicodeString text("Ein kleiner Satz.");
     StringCharacterIterator iterator(text);
     cout << "----- traverseForward: -----------" << endl;
     traverseForward( iterator );
     cout << endl << endl << "----- traverseBackward: ----------" << endl;
     traverseBackward( iterator );
     cout << endl << endl << "----- traverseOut: ---------------" << endl;
     traverseOut( iterator, 7 );
     cout << endl << endl << "-----" << endl;
 }
icu::StringCharacterIterator
A concrete subclass of CharacterIterator that iterates over the characters (code units or code points...
Definition: schriter.h:48
icu::UnicodeString
UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar function...
Definition: unistr.h:296

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 361 of file chariter.h.

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ EOrigin

enum icu::CharacterIterator::EOrigin

Origin enumeration for the move() and move32() functions.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 367 of file chariter.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ ~CharacterIterator()

virtual icu::CharacterIterator::~CharacterIterator ( )

virtual

Destructor.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

◆ CharacterIterator() [1/5]

icu::CharacterIterator::CharacterIterator ( )

protected

Empty constructor.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

◆ CharacterIterator() [2/5]

icu::CharacterIterator::CharacterIterator ( int32_t length )

protected

Constructor, just setting the length field in this base class.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

◆ CharacterIterator() [3/5]

icu::CharacterIterator::CharacterIterator	(	int32_t	length,
		int32_t	position
	)

protected

Constructor, just setting the length and position fields in this base class.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

◆ CharacterIterator() [4/5]

icu::CharacterIterator::CharacterIterator	(	int32_t	length,
		int32_t	textBegin,
		int32_t	textEnd,
		int32_t	position
	)

protected

Constructor, just setting the length, start, end, and position fields in this base class.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

◆ CharacterIterator() [5/5]

icu::CharacterIterator::CharacterIterator ( const CharacterIterator & that )

protected

Copy constructor.

Parameters

that	The CharacterIterator to be copied

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Member Function Documentation

◆ clone()

virtual CharacterIterator * icu::CharacterIterator::clone ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns a pointer to a new CharacterIterator of the same concrete class as this one, and referring to the same character in the same text-storage object as this one.

The caller is responsible for deleting the new clone.

Returns: a pointer to a new CharacterIterator

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::StringCharacterIterator, and icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ current()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::current ( void ) const

pure virtual

Returns the code unit the iterator currently refers to.

Returns: the current code unit.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ current32()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::current32 ( void ) const

pure virtual

Returns the code point the iterator currently refers to.

Returns: the current code point.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ endIndex()

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::endIndex ( void ) const

inline

Returns the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the position immediately BEYOND the character returned by last().

Returns: the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the position immediately BEYOND the character returned by last().

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 716 of file chariter.h.

◆ first()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::first ( void )

pure virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit in its iteration range, and returns that code unit.

This can be used to begin an iteration with next().

Returns: the first code unit in its iteration range.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ first32()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::first32 ( void )

pure virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the first code point in its iteration range, and returns that code unit, This can be used to begin an iteration with next32().

Note that an iteration with next32PostInc(), beginning with, e.g., setToStart() or firstPostInc(), is more efficient.

Returns: the first code point in its iteration range.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ first32PostInc()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::first32PostInc ( void )

virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the first code point in its iteration range, returns that code point, and moves the position to the second code point.

This is an alternative to setToStart() for forward iteration with next32PostInc().

Returns: the first code point in its iteration range.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Reimplemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ firstPostInc()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::firstPostInc ( void )

virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit in its iteration range, returns that code unit, and moves the position to the second code unit.

This is an alternative to setToStart() for forward iteration with nextPostInc().

Returns: the first code unit in its iteration range.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Reimplemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ getIndex()

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::getIndex ( void ) const

inline

Returns the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the character the iterator currently refers to (i.e., the character returned by current()).

Returns: the numeric index in the text-storage object of the character the iterator currently refers to

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 721 of file chariter.h.

◆ getLength()

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::getLength ( void ) const

inline

Returns the length of the entire text in the underlying text-storage object.

Returns: the length of the entire text in the text-storage object

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 726 of file chariter.h.

◆ getText()

virtual void icu::CharacterIterator::getText ( UnicodeString & result )

pure virtual

Copies the text under iteration into the UnicodeString referred to by "result".

Parameters

result Receives a copy of the text under iteration.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::StringCharacterIterator, and icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ hasPrevious()

virtual UBool icu::CharacterIterator::hasPrevious ( )

pure virtual

Returns false if there are no more code units or code points before the current position in the iteration range.

This is used with previous() or previous32() in backward iteration.

Returns: false if there are no more code units or code points before the current position in the iteration range, return true otherwise.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ last()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::last ( void )

pure virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the last code unit in its iteration range, and returns that code unit.

This can be used to begin an iteration with previous().

Returns: the last code unit.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ last32()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::last32 ( void )

pure virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the last code point in its iteration range, and returns that code unit.

This can be used to begin an iteration with previous32().

Returns: the last code point.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ move()

virtual int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::move	(	int32_t	delta,
		EOrigin	origin
	)

pure virtual

Moves the current position relative to the start or end of the iteration range, or relative to the current position itself.

The movement is expressed in numbers of code units forward or backward by specifying a positive or negative delta.

Parameters

delta	the position relative to origin. A positive delta means forward; a negative delta means backward.
origin	Origin enumeration {kStart, kCurrent, kEnd}

Returns: the new position

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ move32()

virtual int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::move32	(	int32_t	delta,
		EOrigin	origin
	)

pure virtual

Moves the current position relative to the start or end of the iteration range, or relative to the current position itself.

The movement is expressed in numbers of code points forward or backward by specifying a positive or negative delta.

Parameters

delta	the position relative to origin. A positive delta means forward; a negative delta means backward.
origin	Origin enumeration {kStart, kCurrent, kEnd}

Returns: the new position

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ next()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::next ( void )

pure virtual

Advances to the next code unit in the iteration range (toward endIndex()), and returns that code unit.

If there are no more code units to return, returns DONE.

Returns: the next code unit.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ next32()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::next32 ( void )

pure virtual

Advances to the next code point in the iteration range (toward endIndex()), and returns that code point.

If there are no more code points to return, returns DONE. Note that iteration with "pre-increment" semantics is less efficient than iteration with "post-increment" semantics that is provided by next32PostInc().

Returns: the next code point.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ operator=()

CharacterIterator & icu::CharacterIterator::operator= ( const CharacterIterator & that )

protected

Assignment operator.

Sets this CharacterIterator to have the same behavior, as the one passed in.

Parameters

that	The CharacterIterator passed in.

Returns: the newly set CharacterIterator.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

◆ previous()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::previous ( void )

pure virtual

Advances to the previous code unit in the iteration range (toward startIndex()), and returns that code unit.

If there are no more code units to return, returns DONE.

Returns: the previous code unit.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ previous32()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::previous32 ( void )

pure virtual

Advances to the previous code point in the iteration range (toward startIndex()), and returns that code point.

If there are no more code points to return, returns DONE.

Returns: the previous code point.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ setIndex()

virtual char16_t icu::CharacterIterator::setIndex ( int32_t position )

pure virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the "position"-th code unit in the text-storage object the iterator refers to, and returns that code unit.

Parameters

position the "position"-th code unit in the text-storage object

Returns: the "position"-th code unit.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ setIndex32()

virtual UChar32 icu::CharacterIterator::setIndex32 ( int32_t position )

pure virtual

Sets the iterator to refer to the beginning of the code point that contains the "position"-th code unit in the text-storage object the iterator refers to, and returns that code point.

The current position is adjusted to the beginning of the code point (its first code unit).

Parameters

position the "position"-th code unit in the text-storage object

Returns: the "position"-th code point.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::UCharCharacterIterator.

◆ setToEnd()

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::setToEnd ( )

inline

Sets the iterator to the end of its iteration range, just behind the last code unit or code point.

This can be used to begin a backward iteration with previous() or previous32().

Returns: the end position of the iteration range

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 706 of file chariter.h.

◆ setToStart()

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::setToStart ( )

inline

Sets the iterator to refer to the first code unit or code point in its iteration range.

This can be used to begin a forward iteration with nextPostInc() or next32PostInc().

Returns: the start position of the iteration range

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 701 of file chariter.h.

◆ startIndex()

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::startIndex ( void ) const

inline

Returns the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the character returned by first().

Since it's possible to create an iterator that iterates across only part of a text-storage object, this number isn't necessarily 0.

Returns: the numeric index in the underlying text-storage object of the character returned by first().

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 711 of file chariter.h.

Field Documentation

◆ begin

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::begin

protected

Base class field for the start of the iteration range.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 686 of file chariter.h.

◆ end

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::end

protected

Base class field for the end of the iteration range.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 692 of file chariter.h.

◆ pos

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::pos

protected

Base class field for the current position.

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 680 of file chariter.h.

◆ textLength

int32_t icu::CharacterIterator::textLength

protected

Base class text length field.

Necessary this for correct getText() and hashCode().

Stable:: ICU 2.0

Definition at line 674 of file chariter.h.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

chariter.h

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ EOrigin

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ ~CharacterIterator()

◆ CharacterIterator() [1/5]

◆ CharacterIterator() [2/5]

◆ CharacterIterator() [3/5]

◆ CharacterIterator() [4/5]

◆ CharacterIterator() [5/5]

Member Function Documentation

◆ clone()

◆ current()

◆ current32()

◆ endIndex()

◆ first()

◆ first32()

◆ first32PostInc()

◆ firstPostInc()

◆ getIndex()

◆ getLength()

◆ getText()

◆ hasPrevious()

◆ last()

◆ last32()

◆ move()

◆ move32()

◆ next()

◆ next32()

◆ operator=()

◆ previous()

◆ previous32()

◆ setIndex()

◆ setIndex32()

◆ setToEnd()

◆ setToStart()

◆ startIndex()

Field Documentation

◆ begin

◆ end

◆ pos

◆ textLength