45.3 References and Further Reading

The reference for the IEEE standard is,

• ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985, IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.

A more pedagogical introduction to the standard can be found in the following paper,

• David Goldberg: What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic. ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 23, No. 1 (March 1991), pages 5–48.

  Corrigendum: ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 23, No. 3 (September 1991), page 413. and see also the sections by B. A. Wichmann and Charles B. Dunham in Surveyor’s Forum: “What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”. ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 24, No. 3 (September 1992), page 319.

A detailed textbook on IEEE arithmetic and its practical use is available from SIAM Press,

• Michael L. Overton, Numerical Computing with IEEE Floating Point Arithmetic, SIAM Press, ISBN 0898715717.