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The code in this system was primarily written by Alan W Black, Paul Taylor and Richard Caley. Festival sits on top of the Edinburgh Speech Tools Library, and uses much of its functionality.
Amy Isard wrote a synthesizer for her MSc project in 1995, which first used the Edinburgh Speech Tools Library. Although Festival doesn’t contain any code from that system, her system was used as a basic model.
Much of the design and philosophy of Festival has been built on the experience both Paul and Alan gained from the development of various previous synthesizers and software systems, especially CSTR’s Osprey and Polyglot systems taylor91 and ATR’s CHATR system black94.
However, it should be stated that Festival is fully developed at CSTR and contains neither proprietary code or ideas.
Festival contains a number of subsystems integrated from other sources and we acknowledge those systems here.
The Scheme interpreter (SIOD – Scheme In One Defun 3.0) was written by George Carrett (gjc@mitech.com, gjc@paradigm.com) and offers a basic small Scheme (Lisp) interpreter suitable for embedding in applications such as Festival as a scripting language. A number of changes and improvements have been added in our development but it still remains that basic system. We are grateful to George and Paradigm Associates Incorporated for providing such a useful and well-written sub-system.
Scheme In One Defun (SIOD) COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-1994 BY PARADIGM ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Paradigm Associates Inc not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. PARADIGM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL PARADIGM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
Because of conflicts between the copyright for GNU readline, for which an optional interface was included in earlier versions, we have replace the interface with a complete command line editing system based on editline. Editline was posted to the USENET newsgroup comp.sources.misc in 1992. A number of modifications have been made to make it more useful to us but the original code (contained within the standard speech tools distribution) and our modifications fall under the following licence.
Copyright 1992 Simmule Turner and Rich Salz. All rights reserved. This software is not subject to any license of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University of California. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The authors are not responsible for the consequences of use of this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it. 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation. 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation. 4. This notice may not be removed or altered.
The Edinburgh Speech Tools lies at the core of Festival. Although developed separately, much of the development of certain parts of the Edinburgh Speech Tools has been directed by Festival’s needs. In turn those who have contributed to the Speech Tools make Festival a more usable system.
See Acknowledgements in Edinburgh Speech Tools Library Manual.
Online information about the Edinburgh Speech Tools library is available through
Many others have provided actual code and support for Festival, for which we are grateful. Specifically,
Even if you haven’t actively responded, the fact that you use the system at all makes it worthwhile.
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