Manuale di Debian Edu / Skolelinux 12 Bookworm

Data di pubblicazione: 31/01/2024

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y -q debian-edu-router-config
lshw -class network
ip addr flush <interface>
dpkg-reconfigure --force uif debian-edu-router
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main 
deb http://security.debian.org bookworm-security main 
sudo dd if=debian-edu-amd64-XXX.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
lsblk -p
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware
d-i    pkgsel/include string my-extra-package(s)
  $ sudo apt update
  $ sudo apt install task-desktop-xfce lightdm education-menus
  $ sudo service lightdm start
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/gosa-modify-host <hostname> <IP>
root@tjener:~# sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a -i ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff
info: Create GOsa machine for am-2211334455ff.intern [10.0.16.21] id ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: ********
root@tjener:~#
LC_ALL=C apt full-upgrade -y
$ sudo rdiff-backup -r <date>  \
   /skole/backup/tjener/skole/tjener/home0/user \
   /skole/tjener/home0/user_<date>
apt update
apt full-upgrade
sed -i 's/bullseye/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
export LC_ALL=C
apt update
apt upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt full-upgrade
cf-agent -v -D installation
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs diff
etckeeper vcs add .
etckeeper vcs commit -a
man etckeeper
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs commit -a /etc/resolv.conf
lvextend -L30G /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
resize2fs /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
ldapvi -ZD '(cn=admin)'
/srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfs4/home0  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
host: ldap.intern
port: 636e
Security level: ssl + user + password
User dn: cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
ldap-createuser-krb5 [-u uid] [-g gid] [-G group[,group]...] [-d department] <username> <gecos>
root@tjener:~# ldap-createuser-krb5 -d Teachers harhir "Harry Hirsch"
new user password: 
confirm password: 

dn: uid=harhir,ou=people,ou=Teachers,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
changetype: add
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: gosaAccount
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: krbPrincipalAux
objectClass: krbTicketPolicyAux
sn: Harry Hirsch
givenName: Harry Hirsch
uid: harhir
cn: Harry Hirsch
userPassword: {CRYPT}$y$j9T$TWnq55O1rvyLhjF.$oVf.t.RXC1v/4Y8FhV0umno629mo7bP7/YJyig6HET6
homeDirectory: /skole/tjener/home0/harhir
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1004
gidNumber: 1004
gecos: Harry Hirsch
shadowLastChange: 19641
shadowMin: 0
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
krbPwdPolicyReference: cn=users,cn=INTERN,cn=kerberos,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
krbPrincipalName: harhir@INTERN

ldap_initialize( <DEFAULT> )
Enter LDAP Password: 
add objectClass:
        top
        person
        organizationalPerson
        inetOrgPerson
        gosaAccount
        posixAccount
        shadowAccount
        krbPrincipalAux
        krbTicketPolicyAux
add sn:
        Harry Hirsch
add givenName:
        Harry Hirsch
add uid:
        harhir
add cn:
        Harry Hirsch
add userPassword:
        {CRYPT}$y$j9T$TWnq55O1rvyLhjF.$oVf.t.RXC1v/4Y8FhV0umno629mo7bP7/YJyig6HET6
add homeDirectory:
        /skole/tjener/home0/harhir
add loginShell:
        /bin/bash
add uidNumber:
        1004
add gidNumber:
        1004
add gecos:
        Harry Hirsch
add shadowLastChange:
        19641
add shadowMin:
        0
add shadowMax:
        99999
add shadowWarning:
        7
add krbPwdPolicyReference:
        cn=users,cn=INTERN,cn=kerberos,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
add krbPrincipalName:
        harhir@INTERN
adding new entry "uid=harhir,ou=people,ou=Teachers,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no"
modify complete

Authenticating as principal root/admin@INTERN with password.
kadmin.local:  change_password harhir@INTERN
Enter password for principal "harhir@INTERN": 
Re-enter password for principal "harhir@INTERN": 
Password for "harhir@INTERN" changed.
kadmin.local:  lpcfg_do_global_parameter: WARNING: The "encrypt passwords" option is deprecated
Added user harhir.
echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bookworm-backports.sources.list
apt update
apt install tuxtype/bookworm-backports
apt-cdrom add
apt update
apt full-upgrade
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  sitesummary-nodes -w
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  netgroup -h shutdown-at-night-hosts
 #!/bin/bash
 home_path="/skole/tjener/home0"
 shared_folder="assignments"
 permissions="2770"
 created_dir=0
 for home in $(ls $home_path); do
    if [ ! -d "$home_path/$home/$shared_folder" ]; then
        mkdir $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        chmod $permissions $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        user=$home
        group=teachers
        chown $user:$group $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        ((created_dir+=1))
    else
        echo -e "the folder $home_path/$home/$shared_folder already exists.\n"
    fi
 done
 echo "$created_dir folders have been created"
    root@tjener:~# showmount -e nas-server
    Export list for nas-server:
    /storage         10.0.0.0/8
    root@tjener:~#
    add cn=nas-server,ou=auto.skole,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: nas-server
    automountInformation: -fstype=autofs --timeout=60 ldap:ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no

    add ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: top
    objectClass: automountMap
    ou: auto.nas-server

    add cn=/,ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: /
    automountInformation: -fstype=nfs,tcp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,rw,intr,hard,nodev,nosuid,noatime nas-server.intern:/&
+ : alice jane bob john : ALL
+ : ALL : 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
- : ALL : ALL
#
   apt update
   /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/install-task-pkgs
   /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/improve-desktop-l10n
apt update
apt install libdvd-pkg
apt update && apt search ^firmware-
apt -y -q install firmware-linux
debian-edu-ltsp-install --diskless_workstation yes
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware -h
ltsp image x2go-bare-amd64
debian-edu-ltsp-install --arch i386 --thin_type bare
debian-edu-ltsp-initrd
d-i     apt-setup/local1/repository string      http://example.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
d-i     apt-setup/local1/comment string         Example Software Repository
d-i     apt-setup/local1/source boolean         true
d-i     apt-setup/local1/key    string          http://example.org/key.asc
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
  if [[ $UID -ne 0 ]] ; then  
     if ! groups | egrep -q sudo ; then
         echo "ERROR: You need to be root or a sudo group member."
         exit 1
     fi
 fi
 if ! egrep -q  ^deb-src /etc/apt/sources.list ; then
     echo "ERROR: Make sure /etc/apt/sources.list contains a deb-src line."
     exit 1
 fi
 TMP=$(mktemp -d)
 PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' pulseaudio)"
 XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' xrdp)"
 sudo apt -q update
 sudo apt -q install dpkg-dev
 cd $TMP
 apt -q source pulseaudio xrdp
 sudo apt -q build-dep pulseaudio xrdp
 cd pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/
 ./configure
 cd $TMP/xrdp-$XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION/sesman/chansrv/pulse/
 sed -i 's/^PULSE/#PULSE/' Makefile
 sed -i "/#PULSE_DIR/a \
 PULSE_DIR = $TMP/pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION" Makefile
 make
 sudo cp *.so /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/
 sudo chmod 644 /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/module-xrdp*
 sudo service xrdp restart
C:\Program Files\pGina.fork\Plugins\pGina.Plugin.Ldap.dll

Tabella dei servizi
Descrizione del servizio	Nome comune	Nome DNS del servizio
Log centralizzato	rsyslog	syslog
Servizio dei nomi di dominio	DNS (BIND)	domain
Configurazione automatica della rete per le macchine	DHCP	bootps
Sincronizzazione dell'orologio	NTP	ntp
Directory home via Network File System	SMB / NFS	homes
Sistema di posta elettronica	IMAP (Dovecot)	postoffice
Servizio di directory	OpenLDAP	ldap
Amministrazione degli utenti	GOsa²	---
Server web	Apache/PHP	www
Backup centrale	sl-backup, slbackup-php	backup
Cache web	Proxy (Squid)	webcache
Stampa	CUPS	ipp
Login remoto sicuro	OpenSSH	ssh
Configurazione automatica	CFEngine	cfengine
LTSP Server	LTSP	ltsp
Controllo delle macchine e dei servizi con segnalazione degli errori, più lo stato e cronologia su web. Segnalazione degli errori attraverso la posta elettronica	Munin, Icinga e Sitesummary	sitesummary

Manuale di Debian Edu / Skolelinux 12 Bookworm

Data di pubblicazione: 31/01/2024

1. Manuale per Debian Edu 11 Nome in codice bookworm

2. Debian Edu e Skolelinux

2.1. Un po' di storia e il perché di due nomi

3. Architettura

3.1. La rete

3.1.1. La configurazione predefinita della rete

3.1.2. Server principale

3.1.3. Servizi attivi sul server principale

3.1.4. LTSP server

3.1.5. Thin-client

3.1.6. Workstation senza dischi

3.1.7. Client di rete

3.2. Amministrazione

3.2.1. Installazione

3.2.2. Configurazione dell'accesso al file system

4. Requisiti tecnici

4.1. Requisiti hardware

4.2. Hardware che funziona

5. Requisiti per la configurazione della rete

5.1. Setup di default

5.2. Router Internet

6. Installare e scaricare

6.1. Dove trovare maggiori informazioni

6.2. Scaricare il supporto di installazione per Debian Edu 12 nome in codice Bookworm

6.2.1. amd64 o i386

6.2.2. immagine iso netinst per amd64 o i386

6.2.3. immagini BD iso per amd64 o i386

6.2.4. Verifica dei file immagine scaricati

6.2.5. Sorgenti:

6.3. Installare Debian Edu

6.3.1. Scenari di installazione del server principale

6.3.2. Ambienti desktop

6.3.3. Installazione modulare

6.3.4. Tipi di installazione e opzioni

6.3.5. Il processo d'installazione

6.3.6. Installare un gateway con debian-edu-router

6.3.7. Note su alcune caratteristiche

6.3.7.1. Una nota sui notebook

6.3.7.2. Una nota sull'installazione dell'immagine da flash drive USB / Blu-ray disc

6.3.7.3. Una nota sull'installazione da CD

6.3.8. Installazione da flash drive USB al posto di CD /Blu-ray disc

6.3.9. Installazione e avvio da rete via PXE

6.3.10. Modificare le installazioni PXE

6.3.11. Immagini personalizzate

6.4. Screenshot

7. Iniziare

7.1. I passi essenziali per iniziare

7.1.1. Servizi attivi sul server principale

7.2. Introduzione a GOsa²

7.2.1. Accesso a GOsa² e pagina iniziale

7.3. Gestione degli utenti con GOsa²

7.3.1. Aggiungere utenti

7.3.2. Cercare, modificare e cancellare utenti

7.3.3. Impostare le password

7.3.4. Gestione avanzata degli utenti

7.3.4.1. Aggiungere utenti dalla riga di comando

7.4. Gestione dei gruppi con GOsa²

7.5. Gestione delle macchine con GOsa²

7.5.1. Cercare e cancellare macchine

7.5.2. Modificare macchine esistenti / Gestione dei Netgroup

8. Amministrazione delle stampanti

8.1. Utilizzare stampanti collegate alle workstation

8.2. Stampanti di rete

9. Sincronizzazione dell'orologio

10. Allargare le partizioni piene

11. Manutenzione

11.1. Aggiornare il software

11.1.1. Tenersi informati sugli aggiornamenti di sicurezza

11.2. Gestione dei backup

11.3. Monitorare il server

11.3.1. Munin

11.3.2. Icinga

11.3.2.1. Avvisi comuni di Icinga e come gestirli

11.3.2.1.1. DISK CRITICAL - free space: /usr 309 MB (5% inode=47%):

11.3.2.1.2. APT CRITICAL: 13 packages available for upgrade (13 critical updates).

11.3.2.1.3. WARNING - Reboot required : running kernel = 2.6.32-37.81.0, installed kernel = 2.6.32-38.83.0

11.3.2.1.4. WARNING: CUPS queue size - 61

11.3.3. Sitesummary