Debian Edu / Skolelinux Bullseye 11 Manual

Publish date: 2024-01-31

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main 
deb http://security.debian.org bullseye-security main 
d-i    pkgsel/include string my-extra-package(s)
  $ sudo apt update
  $ sudo apt install task-desktop-xfce lightdm education-menus
  ### after installation, run 'sudo service lightdm start'
  ### login as first user
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/gosa-modify-host <hostname> <IP>
root@tjener:~# sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a -i ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff
info: Create GOsa machine for am-2211334455ff.intern [10.0.16.21] id ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: ********
root@tjener:~#
LC_ALL=C apt full-upgrade -y
$ sudo rdiff-backup -r <date>  \
   /skole/backup/tjener/skole/tjener/home0/user \
   /skole/tjener/home0/user_<date>
apt update
apt full-upgrade
apt clean
sed -i 's/buster/bullseye/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's#/debian-security bullseye/updates# bullseye-security#g' /etc/apt/sources.list
export LC_ALL=C        # optional (to get English output)
apt update
apt full-upgrade
cf-agent -v -D installation
service squid restart
apt install debian-edu-artwork-homeworld
apt purge debian-edu-artwork-buster      # unless Buster artwork should be kept as an alternative
rm -f /etc/xdg/xfce4/panel/default.xml.cfsaved
mv /etc/xdg/xfce4/panel/default.xml.dpkg-new /etc/xdg/xfce4/panel/default.xml
rm -f /etc/default/tftpd-hpa        # to remove no longer needed modifications
rm -rf /var/lib/tftpboot            # to remove no longer used tftp base directory
dpkg-reconfigure -p low tftpd-hpa   # first prompt: keep ''tftp'' as system account, second: change TFTP root directory to ''/srv/tftp''
                                    # third: keep address and port, last one: enter ''--secure'' as additional option 
service tftpd-hpa restart
rm -rf /opt/ltsp                    # cleanup old LTSP base directory
# The next steps will need quite some execution time.
debian-edu-ltsp-install --arch amd64 --diskless_workstation no thin_type bare   # if 64-Bit thin client support is wanted
debian-edu-ltsp-install --arch i386 --diskless_workstation no thin_type bare    # if 32-Bit thin client support is wanted
debian-edu-ltsp-install --diskless_workstation yes   # to create diskless workstation image from the server's file system
debian-edu-pxeinstall                                # to add PXE installation files and related iPXE menu items 
dn: cn=dhcp,cn=tjener,ou=servers,ou=systems,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
changetype: modify
add: dhcpOption
dhcpOption: space ipxe
dhcpOption: ipxe-encap-opts code 175 = encapsulate ipxe
dhcpOption: ipxe.menu code 39 = unsigned integer 8
dhcpOption: ipxe.no-pxedhcp code 176 = unsigned integer 8
dhcpOption: arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16  
81 cn=intern,cn=dhcp,cn=tjener,ou=servers,ou=systems,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
83 cn=subnet00.intern,cn=dhcp,cn=tjener,ou=servers,ou=systems,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
85 cn=subnet01.intern,cn=dhcp,cn=tjener,ou=servers,ou=systems,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs diff
etckeeper vcs add .
etckeeper vcs commit -a
man etckeeper
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs commit -a /etc/resolv.conf
lvextend -L30G /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
resize2fs /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
ldapvi --ldap-conf -ZD '(cn=admin)'
/srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfs4/home0  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
host: ldap.intern
port: 636
Security level: ssl + user + password
User dn: cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update
apt install -t bullseye-backports tuxtype
apt-cdrom add
apt update
apt full-upgrade
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  sitesummary-nodes -w
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  netgroup -h shutdown-at-night-hosts
 #!/bin/bash
 home_path="/skole/tjener/home0"
 shared_folder="assignments"
 permissions="2770"
 created_dir=0
 for home in $(ls $home_path); do
    if [ ! -d "$home_path/$home/$shared_folder" ]; then
        mkdir $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        chmod $permissions $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        #set the right owner and group
        #"username" = "group name" = "folder name"
        user=$home
        group=teachers
        chown $user:$group $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        ((created_dir+=1))
    else
        echo -e "the folder $home_path/$home/$shared_folder already exists.\n"
    fi
 done
 echo "$created_dir folders have been created"
    root@tjener:~# showmount -e nas-server
    Export list for nas-server:
    /storage         10.0.0.0/8
    root@tjener:~#
    add cn=nas-server,ou=auto.skole,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: nas-server
    automountInformation: -fstype=autofs --timeout=60 ldap:ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no

    add ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: top
    objectClass: automountMap
    ou: auto.nas-server

    add cn=/,ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: /
    automountInformation: -fstype=nfs,tcp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,rw,intr,hard,nodev,nosuid,noatime nas-server.intern:/&
+ : alice jane bob john : ALL
+ : ALL : 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
- : ALL : ALL
#
apt update
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/install-task-pkgs
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/improve-desktop-l10n
apt update
apt install libdvd-pkg
apt update && apt search ^firmware-
apt -y -q install firmware-linux
debian-edu-ltsp-install --diskless_workstation yes
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware -h
ltsp image x2go-bare-amd64
debian-edu-ltsp-install --arch i386 --thin_type bare
debian-edu-ltsp-initrd
#add the skole projects local repository
d-i     apt-setup/local1/repository string      http://example.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
d-i     apt-setup/local1/comment string         Example Software Repository
d-i     apt-setup/local1/source boolean         true
d-i     apt-setup/local1/key    string          http://example.org/key.asc
 #!/bin/bash
 # Script to compile / recompile xrdp PulseAudio modules.
 # The caller needs to be root or a member of the sudo group.
 # Also, /etc/apt/sources.list must contain a valid deb-src line.
 set -e
  if [[ $UID -ne 0 ]] ; then  
     if ! groups | egrep -q sudo ; then
         echo "ERROR: You need to be root or a sudo group member."
         exit 1
     fi
 fi
 if ! egrep -q  ^deb-src /etc/apt/sources.list ; then
     echo "ERROR: Make sure /etc/apt/sources.list contains a deb-src line."
     exit 1
 fi
 TMP=$(mktemp -d)
 PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' pulseaudio)"
 XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' xrdp)"
 sudo apt -q update
 # Get sources and build dependencies:
 sudo apt -q install dpkg-dev
 cd $TMP
 apt -q source pulseaudio xrdp
 sudo apt -q build-dep pulseaudio xrdp
 # For pulseaudio 'configure' is all what is needed:
 cd pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/
 ./configure
 # Adjust pulseaudio modules Makefile (needs absolute path)
 # and build the pulseaudio modules.
 cd $TMP/xrdp-$XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION/sesman/chansrv/pulse/
 sed -i 's/^PULSE/#PULSE/' Makefile
 sed -i "/#PULSE_DIR/a \
 PULSE_DIR = $TMP/pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION" Makefile
 make
 # Copy modules to Pulseaudio modules directory, adjust rights.
 sudo cp *.so /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/
 sudo chmod 644 /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/module-xrdp*
 # Restart xrdp, now with sound enabled.
 sudo service xrdp restart
C:\Program Files\pGina.fork\Plugins\pGina.Plugin.Ldap.dll

Table of services
Service description	Common name	DNS service name
Centralised Logging	rsyslog	syslog
Domain Name Service	DNS (BIND)	domain
Automatic Network Configuration of Machines	DHCP	bootps
Clock Synchronisation	NTP	ntp
Home Directories via Network File System	SMB / NFS	homes
Electronic Post Office	IMAP (Dovecot)	postoffice
Directory Service	OpenLDAP	ldap
User Administration	GOsa²	---
Web Server	Apache/PHP	www
Central Backup	sl-backup, slbackup-php	backup
Web Cache	Proxy (Squid)	webcache
Printing	CUPS	ipp
Secure Remote Login	OpenSSH	ssh
Automatic Configuration	CFEngine	cfengine
LTSP Server/s	LTSP	ltsp
Machine and Service Surveillance with Error Reporting, plus Status and History on the Web. Error Reporting by email	Munin, Icinga and Sitesummary	sitesummary

Language (Region)	Locale value	Keyboard layout
Norwegian Bokmål	nb_NO.UTF-8	no
Norwegian Nynorsk	nn_NO.UTF-8	no
German	de_DE.UTF-8	de
French (France)	fr_FR.UTF-8	fr
Greek (Greece)	el_GR.UTF-8	el
Japanese	ja_JP.UTF-8	jp
Northern Sami (Norway)	se_NO	no(smi)

Debian Edu / Skolelinux Bullseye 11 Manual

Publish date: 2024-01-31

1. Manual for Debian Edu 11 Codename Bullseye

2. About Debian Edu and Skolelinux

2.1. Some history and why two names

3. Architecture

3.1. Network

3.1.1. The default network setup

3.1.2. Main server

3.1.3. Services running on the main server

3.1.4. LTSP server(s)

3.1.5. Thin clients

3.1.6. Diskless workstations

3.1.7. Networked clients

3.2. Administration

3.2.1. Installation

3.2.2. File system access configuration

4. Requirements

4.1. Hardware requirements

4.2. Hardware known to work

5. Requirements for network setup

5.1. Default Setup

5.2. Internet router

6. Installation and download options

6.1. Where to find additional information

6.2. Download the installation media for Debian Edu 11 Codename Bullseye

6.2.1. amd64 or i386

6.2.2. netinst iso images for amd64 or i386

6.2.3. BD iso images for i386 or amd64

6.2.4. Verification of downloaded image files

6.2.5. Sources

6.3. Installing Debian Edu

6.3.1. Main server installation scenarios

6.3.2. Desktop environments

6.3.3. Modular installation

6.3.4. Installation types and options

6.3.5. The installation process

6.3.6. Notes on some characteristics

6.3.6.1. A note on notebooks

6.3.6.2. A note on USB flash drive / Blu-ray disc image installs

6.3.6.3. A note on CD installs

6.3.7. Installation using USB flash drives instead of CD / Blu-ray discs

6.3.8. Installation and booting over the network via PXE

6.3.9. Modifying PXE installations

6.3.10. Custom images

6.4. Screenshot tour

7. Getting started

7.1. Minimum steps to get started

7.1.1. Services running on the main server

7.2. Introduction to GOsa²

7.2.1. GOsa² Login plus Overview

7.3. User Management with GOsa²

7.3.1. Adding users

7.3.2. Search, modify and delete users

7.3.3. Set passwords

7.3.4. Advanced user management

7.4. Group Management with GOsa²

7.5. Machine Management with GOsa²

7.5.1. Search and delete machines

7.5.2. Modify existing machines / Netgroup management

8. Printer Management

8.1. Use printers attached to workstations

8.2. Network printers

9. Clock synchronisation

10. Extending full partitions

11. Maintenance

11.1. Updating the software

11.1.1. Keep yourself informed about security updates

11.2. Backup Management

11.3. Server Monitoring

11.3.1. Munin

11.3.2. Icinga

11.3.2.1. Common Icinga warnings and how to handle them

11.3.2.1.1. DISK CRITICAL - free space: /usr 309 MB (5% inode=47%):

11.3.2.1.2. APT CRITICAL: 13 packages available for upgrade (13 critical updates).

11.3.2.1.3. WARNING - Reboot required : running kernel = 2.6.32-37.81.0, installed kernel = 2.6.32-38.83.0

11.3.2.1.4. WARNING: CUPS queue size - 61

11.3.3. Sitesummary

11.4. More information about Debian Edu customisations

12. Upgrades