round — Returns the integer value nearest to x ; if the fractional part of x is exactly 0.5, the direction of rounding is undefined and may depend on the host operating system and Csound version.
The integer value nearest to x ; if the fractional part of x is exactly 0.5, the direction of rounding is undefined.
round(x) (init-, control-, or audio-rate arg allowed)
round(k/i[]) (k- or i-arrays )
where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. Value converters perform arithmetic translation from units of one kind to units of another. The result can then be a term in a further expression.
Here is an example of the round opcode. It uses the file round.csd.
Example 913. Example of the round opcode.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform -odac ;;;realtime audio out ;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ;-o round.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 nchnls = 2 0dbfs = 1 instr 1 idiv init 1 loop: inumber = 9 i1 = inumber / idiv iro = round(i1) print inumber, idiv, iro ;print number / idiv = result using round idiv = idiv + 1 if (idiv <= 10) igoto loop endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> i 1 0 0 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>
Its output should include a line like these:
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 1.000 ifl = 9.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 2.000 ifl = 5.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 3.000 ifl = 3.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 4.000 ifl = 2.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 5.000 ifl = 2.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 6.000 ifl = 2.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 7.000 ifl = 1.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 8.000 ifl = 1.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 9.000 ifl = 1.000
instr 1: inumber = 9.000 idiv = 10.000 ifl = 1.000
Here is an example for the rounding-group, comparing the different rounding opcodes. It uses the file rounding-group.csd.
Example 914. Example of the rounding group.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> -odac ; </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 ; by tgrey 2020 instr 1 iLoopStart = p4 iLoopEnd = p5 iOffset = p6 iCount init iLoopStart if(iLoopStart<iLoopEnd) then ; loop going up while iCount <= iLoopEnd do iVal = iCount+iOffset iRound = round(iVal) iInt = int(iVal) iFloor = floor(iVal) iCeil = ceil(iVal) print iVal, iRound, iInt, iFloor, iCeil iCount = iCount + 1 od elseif(iLoopEnd<iLoopStart) then ; loop going down while iCount >= iLoopEnd do iVal = iCount+iOffset iRound = round(iVal) iInt = int(iVal) iFloor = floor(iVal) iCeil = ceil(iVal) print iVal, iRound, iInt, iFloor, iCeil iCount = iCount - 1 od endif endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> i1 0 .1 0 10 .5 i1 .2 .1 0 -10 .5 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>