Prev Class | Next Class | Frames | No Frames |
Summary: Nested | Field | Method | Constr | Detail: Nested | Field | Method | Constr |
java.lang.Object
java.net.URI
At its highest level, a URI consists of:
[scheme:]scheme-specific-part
[#fragment]
where # and : are literal characters, and those parts enclosed in square brackets are optional.
There are two main types of URI. An opaque URI is one which just consists of the above three parts, and is not further defined. An example of such a URI would be mailto: URI. In contrast, hierarchical URIs give further definition to the scheme-specific part, so as represent some part of a hierarchical structure.
[//authority][path]
[?query]
with / and ? being literal characters. When server-based, the authority section is further subdivided into:
[user-info@]host
[:port]
with @ and : as literal characters. Authority sections that are not server-based are said to be registry-based.
Hierarchical URIs can be either relative or absolute. Absolute URIs always start with a `/', while relative URIs don't specify a scheme. Opaque URIs are always absolute.
Each part of the URI may have one of three states: undefined, empty
or containing some content. The former two of these are represented
by null
and the empty string in Java, respectively.
The scheme-specific part may never be undefined. It also follows from
this that the path sub-part may also not be undefined, so as to ensure
the former.
The characters that can be used within a valid URI are restricted. There are two main classes of characters which can't be used as is within the URI:
The set of valid characters differs depending on the section of the URI:
These definitions reference the following sets of characters:
The constructors and accessor methods allow the use and retrieval of
URI components which contain non-US-ASCII characters directly.
They are only escaped when the toASCIIString()
method
is used. In contrast, illegal characters are always quoted, with the
exception of the return values of the non-raw accessors.
Constructor Summary | |
Method Summary | |
int | |
static URI | |
boolean | |
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
int |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
String |
|
int |
|
boolean |
|
boolean |
|
URI |
|
URI |
|
URI |
|
URI | |
URI | |
String |
|
String |
|
URL |
|
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object | |
clone , equals , extends Object> getClass , finalize , hashCode , notify , notifyAll , toString , wait , wait , wait |
public URI(String str) throws URISyntaxException
Creates an URI from the given string
- Parameters:
str
- The string to create the URI from
- Throws:
URISyntaxException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396NullPointerException
- If str is null
public URI(String scheme, String ssp, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
Create an URI from the given components
- Parameters:
scheme
- The scheme namessp
- The scheme specific partfragment
- The fragment
- Throws:
URISyntaxException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396
public URI(String scheme, String userInfo, String host, int port, String path, String query, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
Create an URI from the given components
- Parameters:
scheme
- The scheme nameuserInfo
- The username and authorization infohost
- The hostnameport
- The port numberpath
- The pathquery
- The queryfragment
- The fragment
- Throws:
URISyntaxException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396
public URI(String scheme, String host, String path, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
Create an URI from the given components
- Parameters:
scheme
- The scheme namehost
- The hostnamepath
- The pathfragment
- The fragment
- Throws:
URISyntaxException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396
public URI(String scheme, String authority, String path, String query, String fragment) throws URISyntaxException
Create an URI from the given components
- Parameters:
scheme
- The scheme nameauthority
- The authoritypath
- The apthquery
- The queryfragment
- The fragment
- Throws:
URISyntaxException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396
public int compareTo(URI uri) throws ClassCastException
Compare the URI with another URI. Undefined components are taken to be less than any other component. The following criteria are observed:
- Two URIs with different schemes are compared according to their scheme, regardless of case.
- A hierarchical URI is less than an opaque URI with the same scheme.
- For opaque URIs:
- URIs with differing scheme-specific parts are ordered according to the ordering of the scheme-specific part.
- URIs with the same scheme-specific part are ordered by the raw fragment.
For hierarchical URIs:
- URIs are ordered according to their raw authority sections, if they are unequal.
- For registry-based authorities:
- they are ordered according to the ordering of the authority component.
For server-based authorities:
- URIs are ordered according to the raw user information.
- URIs with the same user information are ordered by the host, ignoring case.
- URIs with the same host are ordered by the port.
URIs with the same authority section are ordered by the raw path. URIs with the same path are ordered by their raw query. URIs with the same query are ordered by their raw fragments.
- Parameters:
uri
- The other URI to compare this URI with
- Returns:
- a negative integer, zero or a positive integer depending on whether this URI is less than, equal to or greater than that supplied, respectively.
public static URI create(String str)
Create an URI from the given string
- Parameters:
str
- The string to create the URI from
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException
- If the given string violates RFC 2396NullPointerException
- If str is null
public boolean equals(Object obj)
Compares the URI with the given object for equality. If the object is not aURI
, then the method returns false. Otherwise, the following criteria are observed:
- The scheme of the URIs must either be null (undefined) in both cases, or equal, ignorant of case.
- The raw fragment of the URIs must either be null (undefined) in both cases, or equal, ignorant of case.
- Both URIs must be of the same type (opaque or hierarchial)
- For opaque URIs:
- The raw scheme-specific parts must be equal.
For hierarchical URIs:
- The raw paths must be equal, ignorant of case.
- The raw queries are either both undefined or both equal, ignorant of case.
- The raw authority sections are either both undefined or:
- For registry-based authorities:
- they are equal.
For server-based authorities:
- the hosts are equal, ignoring case
- the ports are equal
- the user information components are equal
- Parameters:
obj
- the obj to compare the URI with.
- Returns:
true
if the objects are equal, according to the specification above.
public String getRawSchemeSpecificPart()
Returns the raw scheme specific part of this URI. The scheme-specific part is never undefined, though it may be empty
public String getSchemeSpecificPart()
Returns the decoded scheme specific part of this URI.
public URI normalize()
Returns a normalized version of the URI. If the URI is opaque, or its path is already in normal form, then this URI is simply returned. Otherwise, the following transformation of the path element takes place:
- All `.' segments are removed.
- Each `..' segment which can be paired with a prior non-`..' segment is removed along with the preceding segment.
- A `.' segment is added to the front if the first segment contains a colon (`:'). This is a deviation from the RFC, which prevents confusion between the path and the scheme.
The resulting URI will be free of `.' and `..' segments, barring those that were prepended or which couldn't be paired, respectively.
- Returns:
- the normalized URI.
public URI parseServerAuthority() throws URISyntaxException
Attempts to parse this URI's authority component, if defined, into user-information, host, and port components. The purpose of this method was to disambiguate between some authority sections, which form invalid server-based authories, but valid registry based authorities. In the updated RFC 3986, the authority section is defined differently, with registry-based authorities part of the host section. Thus, this method is now simply an explicit way of parsing any authority section.
- Returns:
- the URI, with the authority section parsed into user information, host and port components.
- Throws:
URISyntaxException
- if the given string violates RFC 2396
public URI relativize(URI uri)
Relativizes the given URI against this URI. The following algorithm is used:
- If either URI is opaque, the given URI is returned.
- If the schemes of the URIs differ, the given URI is returned.
- If the authority components of the URIs differ, then the given URI is returned.
- If the path of this URI is not a prefix of the supplied URI, then the given URI is returned.
- If all the above conditions hold, a new URI is created using the query and fragment components of the given URI, along with a path computed by removing the path of this URI from the start of the path of the supplied URI.
- Parameters:
uri
- the URI to relativize agsint this URI
- Returns:
- the resulting URI
- Throws:
NullPointerException
- if the uri is null
public URI resolve(String str) throws IllegalArgumentException
Resolves the given URI string against this URI
- Parameters:
str
- The URI as string to resolve against this URI
- Returns:
- The resulting URI
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException
- If the given URI string violates RFC 2396NullPointerException
- If uri is null
public URI resolve(URI uri)
Resolves the given URI against this URI
- Parameters:
uri
- The URI to resolve against this URI
- Returns:
- The resulting URI, or null when it couldn't be resolved for some reason.
- Throws:
NullPointerException
- if uri is null
public String toASCIIString()
Returns the URI as US-ASCII string. This is the same as the result fromtoString()
for URIs that don't contain any non-US-ASCII characters. Otherwise, the non-US-ASCII characters are replaced by their percent-encoded representations.
- Returns:
- a string representation of the URI, containing only US-ASCII characters.
public String toString()
Returns the URI as a String. If the URI was created using a constructor, then this will be the same as the original input string.
- Returns:
- a string representation of the URI.
public URL toURL() throws IllegalArgumentException, MalformedURLException
Creates an URL from an URI
- Throws:
MalformedURLException
- If a protocol handler for the URL could not be found, or if some other error occurred while constructing the URLIllegalArgumentException
- If the URI is not absolute