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Note

This documents the development version of NetworkX. Documentation for the current release can be found here.

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Source code for networkx.algorithms.connectivity.stoerwagner

"""
Stoer-Wagner minimum cut algorithm.
"""
from itertools import islice

import networkx as nx
from ...utils import BinaryHeap
from ...utils import not_implemented_for
from ...utils import arbitrary_element

__all__ = ["stoer_wagner"]


[docs]@not_implemented_for("directed") @not_implemented_for("multigraph") def stoer_wagner(G, weight="weight", heap=BinaryHeap): r"""Returns the weighted minimum edge cut using the Stoer-Wagner algorithm. Determine the minimum edge cut of a connected graph using the Stoer-Wagner algorithm. In weighted cases, all weights must be nonnegative. The running time of the algorithm depends on the type of heaps used: ============== ============================================= Type of heap Running time ============== ============================================= Binary heap $O(n (m + n) \log n)$ Fibonacci heap $O(nm + n^2 \log n)$ Pairing heap $O(2^{2 \sqrt{\log \log n}} nm + n^2 \log n)$ ============== ============================================= Parameters ---------- G : NetworkX graph Edges of the graph are expected to have an attribute named by the weight parameter below. If this attribute is not present, the edge is considered to have unit weight. weight : string Name of the weight attribute of the edges. If the attribute is not present, unit weight is assumed. Default value: 'weight'. heap : class Type of heap to be used in the algorithm. It should be a subclass of :class:`MinHeap` or implement a compatible interface. If a stock heap implementation is to be used, :class:`BinaryHeap` is recommended over :class:`PairingHeap` for Python implementations without optimized attribute accesses (e.g., CPython) despite a slower asymptotic running time. For Python implementations with optimized attribute accesses (e.g., PyPy), :class:`PairingHeap` provides better performance. Default value: :class:`BinaryHeap`. Returns ------- cut_value : integer or float The sum of weights of edges in a minimum cut. partition : pair of node lists A partitioning of the nodes that defines a minimum cut. Raises ------ NetworkXNotImplemented If the graph is directed or a multigraph. NetworkXError If the graph has less than two nodes, is not connected or has a negative-weighted edge. Examples -------- >>> G = nx.Graph() >>> G.add_edge("x", "a", weight=3) >>> G.add_edge("x", "b", weight=1) >>> G.add_edge("a", "c", weight=3) >>> G.add_edge("b", "c", weight=5) >>> G.add_edge("b", "d", weight=4) >>> G.add_edge("d", "e", weight=2) >>> G.add_edge("c", "y", weight=2) >>> G.add_edge("e", "y", weight=3) >>> cut_value, partition = nx.stoer_wagner(G) >>> cut_value 4 """ n = len(G) if n < 2: raise nx.NetworkXError("graph has less than two nodes.") if not nx.is_connected(G): raise nx.NetworkXError("graph is not connected.") # Make a copy of the graph for internal use. G = nx.Graph( (u, v, {"weight": e.get(weight, 1)}) for u, v, e in G.edges(data=True) if u != v ) for u, v, e in G.edges(data=True): if e["weight"] < 0: raise nx.NetworkXError("graph has a negative-weighted edge.") cut_value = float("inf") nodes = set(G) contractions = [] # contracted node pairs # Repeatedly pick a pair of nodes to contract until only one node is left. for i in range(n - 1): # Pick an arbitrary node u and create a set A = {u}. u = arbitrary_element(G) A = {u} # Repeatedly pick the node "most tightly connected" to A and add it to # A. The tightness of connectivity of a node not in A is defined by the # of edges connecting it to nodes in A. h = heap() # min-heap emulating a max-heap for v, e in G[u].items(): h.insert(v, -e["weight"]) # Repeat until all but one node has been added to A. for j in range(n - i - 2): u = h.pop()[0] A.add(u) for v, e in G[u].items(): if v not in A: h.insert(v, h.get(v, 0) - e["weight"]) # A and the remaining node v define a "cut of the phase". There is a # minimum cut of the original graph that is also a cut of the phase. # Due to contractions in earlier phases, v may in fact represent # multiple nodes in the original graph. v, w = h.min() w = -w if w < cut_value: cut_value = w best_phase = i # Contract v and the last node added to A. contractions.append((u, v)) for w, e in G[v].items(): if w != u: if w not in G[u]: G.add_edge(u, w, weight=e["weight"]) else: G[u][w]["weight"] += e["weight"] G.remove_node(v) # Recover the optimal partitioning from the contractions. G = nx.Graph(islice(contractions, best_phase)) v = contractions[best_phase][1] G.add_node(v) reachable = set(nx.single_source_shortest_path_length(G, v)) partition = (list(reachable), list(nodes - reachable)) return cut_value, partition