Source code for astroquery.utils.commons

# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see LICENSE.rst
"""
Common functions and classes that are required by all query classes.
"""

import re
import warnings
import os
import shutil
import socket
from io import BytesIO, StringIO
from urllib.error import URLError

import requests

import astropy.units as u
from astropy import coordinates as coord
from collections import OrderedDict
from astropy.utils import deprecated, minversion
import astropy.utils.data as aud
from astropy.io import fits, votable

from astropy.coordinates import BaseCoordinateFrame

from ..exceptions import TimeoutError, InputWarning
from .. import version


def ICRSCoordGenerator(*args, **kwargs):
    return coord.SkyCoord(*args, frame='icrs', **kwargs)


def GalacticCoordGenerator(*args, **kwargs):
    return coord.SkyCoord(*args, frame='galactic', **kwargs)


def FK5CoordGenerator(*args, **kwargs):
    return coord.SkyCoord(*args, frame='fk5', **kwargs)


def FK4CoordGenerator(*args, **kwargs):
    return coord.SkyCoord(*args, frame='fk4', **kwargs)


ICRSCoord = coord.SkyCoord
CoordClasses = (coord.SkyCoord, BaseCoordinateFrame)


__all__ = ['send_request',
           'parse_coordinates',
           'TableList',
           'suppress_vo_warnings',
           'validate_email',
           'ASTROPY_LT_4_1',
           'ASTROPY_LT_4_3',
           'ASTROPY_LT_5_0']

ASTROPY_LT_4_1 = not minversion('astropy', '4.1')
ASTROPY_LT_4_3 = not minversion('astropy', '4.3')
ASTROPY_LT_5_0 = not minversion('astropy', '5.0')


[docs]@deprecated('0.4.4', alternative='astroquery.query.BaseQuery._request') def send_request(url, data, timeout, request_type='POST', headers={}, **kwargs): """ A utility function that post HTTP requests to remote server and returns the HTTP response. Parameters ---------- url : str The URL of the remote server data : dict A dictionary representing the payload to be posted via the HTTP request timeout : int, quantity_like Time limit for establishing successful connection with remote server request_type : str options are 'POST' (default) and 'GET'. Determines whether to perform an HTTP POST or an HTTP GET request headers : dict POST or GET headers. user-agent will be set to astropy:astroquery.version Returns ------- response : `requests.Response` Response object returned by the remote server """ headers['User-Agent'] = ('astropy:astroquery.{vers}' .format(vers=version.version)) if hasattr(timeout, "unit"): warnings.warn("Converting timeout to seconds and truncating " "to integer.", InputWarning) timeout = int(timeout.to(u.s).value) try: if request_type == 'GET': response = requests.get(url, params=data, timeout=timeout, headers=headers, **kwargs) elif request_type == 'POST': response = requests.post(url, data=data, timeout=timeout, headers=headers, **kwargs) else: raise ValueError("request_type must be either 'GET' or 'POST'.") response.raise_for_status() return response except requests.exceptions.Timeout: raise TimeoutError("Query timed out, time elapsed {time}s". format(time=timeout)) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as ex: raise Exception("Query failed: {0}\n".format(ex))
def radius_to_unit(radius, unit='degree'): """ Helper function: Parse a radius, then return its value in degrees Parameters ---------- radius : str or `~astropy.units.Quantity` The radius of a region Returns ------- Floating point scalar value of radius in degrees """ rad = coord.Angle(radius) if isinstance(unit, str): if hasattr(rad, unit): return getattr(rad, unit) elif hasattr(rad, f"{unit}s"): return getattr(rad, f"{unit}s") return rad.to(unit).value
[docs]def parse_coordinates(coordinates): """ Takes a string or astropy.coordinates object. Checks if the string is parsable as an `astropy.coordinates` object or is a name that is resolvable. Otherwise asserts that the argument is an astropy.coordinates object. Parameters ---------- coordinates : str or `astropy.coordinates` object Astronomical coordinate Returns ------- coordinates : a subclass of `astropy.coordinates.BaseCoordinateFrame` Raises ------ astropy.units.UnitsError TypeError """ if isinstance(coordinates, str): try: c = ICRSCoordGenerator(coordinates) warnings.warn("Coordinate string is being interpreted as an " "ICRS coordinate.", InputWarning) except u.UnitsError: warnings.warn("Only ICRS coordinates can be entered as " "strings.\n For other systems please use the " "appropriate astropy.coordinates object.", InputWarning) raise u.UnitsError except ValueError as err: if ((ASTROPY_LT_5_0 and isinstance(err.args[1], u.UnitsError)) or (not ASTROPY_LT_5_0 and isinstance(err.__context__, u.UnitsError))): try: c = ICRSCoordGenerator(coordinates, unit='deg') warnings.warn("Coordinate string is being interpreted as an " "ICRS coordinate provided in degrees.", InputWarning) except ValueError: c = ICRSCoord.from_name(coordinates) else: c = ICRSCoord.from_name(coordinates) elif isinstance(coordinates, CoordClasses): if hasattr(coordinates, 'frame'): c = coordinates else: # Convert the "frame" object into a SkyCoord c = coord.SkyCoord(coordinates) else: raise TypeError("Argument cannot be parsed as a coordinate") return c
def coord_to_radec(coordinate): """ Wrapper to turn any astropy coordinate into FK5 RA in Hours and FK5 Dec in degrees This is a hack / temporary wrapper to deal with the unstable astropy API (it may be wise to remove this hack since it's not clear that the old coordinate API can even do transforms) """ C = coordinate.transform_to('fk5') if hasattr(C.ra, 'hour'): ra = C.ra.hour elif hasattr(C.ra, 'hourangle'): ra = C.ra.hourangle else: raise ValueError("API Error: RA cannot be converted to hour " "or hourangle.") dec = C.dec.degree return ra, dec
[docs]class TableList(list): """ A class that inherits from `list` but included some pretty printing methods for an OrderedDict of `astropy.table.Table` objects. HINT: To access the tables by # instead of by table ID: >>> t = TableList([('a',1),('b',2)]) >>> t[1] 2 >>> t['b'] 2 """ def __init__(self, inp): if not isinstance(inp, OrderedDict): try: inp = OrderedDict(inp) except (TypeError, ValueError): raise ValueError("Input to TableList must be an OrderedDict " "or list of (k,v) pairs") self._dict = inp super(TableList, self).__init__(inp.values()) def __getitem__(self, key): if isinstance(key, int): # get the value in the (key,value) pair return super(TableList, self).__getitem__(key) elif key in self._dict: return self._dict[key] else: raise TypeError("TableLists can only be indexed with the " "named keys and integers.") def __setitem__(self, value): raise TypeError("TableList is immutable.") def __getslice__(self, slice): return list(self.values())[slice]
[docs] def keys(self): return list(self._dict.keys())
[docs] def values(self): return list(self._dict.values())
def __repr__(self): """ Overrides the `OrderedDict.__repr__` method to return a simple summary of the `TableList` object. """ return self.format_table_list()
[docs] def format_table_list(self): """ Prints the names of all `astropy.table.Table` objects, with their respective number of row and columns, contained in the `TableList` instance. """ ntables = len(list(self.keys())) if ntables == 0: return "Empty TableList" header_str = "TableList with {keylen} tables:".format(keylen=ntables) body_str = "\n".join(["\t'{t_number}:{t_name}' with {ncol} column(s) " "and {nrow} row(s) " .format(t_number=t_number, t_name=t_name, nrow=len(self[t_number]), ncol=len(self[t_number].colnames)) for t_number, t_name in enumerate(self.keys())]) return "\n".join([header_str, body_str])
[docs] def print_table_list(self): print(self.format_table_list())
[docs] def pprint(self, **kwargs): """ Helper function to make API more similar to astropy.Tables """ if kwargs != {}: warnings.warn("TableList is a container of astropy.Tables.", InputWarning) self.print_table_list()
def _is_coordinate(coordinates): """ Returns `True` if coordinates can be parsed via `astropy.coordinates` and `False` otherwise. Parameters ---------- coordinates : str or `astropy.coordinates` object The target around which to search. It may be specified as a string in which case it is resolved using online services or as the appropriate `astropy.coordinates` object. ICRS coordinates may also be entered as strings as specified in the `astropy.coordinates` module. Returns ------- bool """ if hasattr(coordinates, 'fk5'): # its coordinate-like enough return True try: ICRSCoordGenerator(coordinates) return True except ValueError: return False
[docs]def suppress_vo_warnings(): """ Suppresses all warnings of the class `astropy.io.votable.exceptions.VOWarning`. """ warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=votable.exceptions.VOWarning)
[docs]def validate_email(email): """ E-mail address validation. Uses validate_email if available, else a simple regex that will let through some invalid e-mails but will catch the most common violators. """ try: import validate_email return validate_email.validate_email(email) except ImportError: return bool(re.compile(r'^\S+@\S+\.\S+$').match(email))
class FileContainer: """ A File Object container, meant to offer lazy access to downloaded FITS files. """ def __init__(self, target, **kwargs): kwargs.setdefault('cache', True) self._target = target self._timeout = kwargs.get('remote_timeout', aud.conf.remote_timeout) if (os.path.splitext(target)[1] == '.fits' and not ('encoding' in kwargs and kwargs['encoding'] == 'binary')): warnings.warn("FITS files must be read as binaries; error is " "likely.", InputWarning) self._readable_object = get_readable_fileobj(target, **kwargs) def get_fits(self): """ Assuming the contained file is a FITS file, read it and return the file parsed as FITS HDUList """ filedata = self.get_string() if len(filedata) == 0: raise TypeError("The file retrieved was empty.") self._fits = fits.HDUList.fromstring(filedata) return self._fits def save_fits(self, savepath, link_cache='hard'): """ Save a FITS file to savepath Parameters ---------- savepath : str The full path to a FITS filename, e.g. "file.fits", or "/path/to/file.fits". link_cache : 'hard', 'sym', or False Try to create a hard or symbolic link to the astropy cached file? If the system is unable to create a hardlink, the file will be copied to the target location. """ self.get_fits() target_key = str(self._target) target = aud.download_file(target_key, cache=True, sources=[]) if link_cache == 'hard': try: os.link(target, savepath) except (IOError, OSError, AttributeError): shutil.copy(target, savepath) elif link_cache == 'sym': try: os.symlink(target, savepath) except AttributeError: raise OSError('Creating symlinks is not possible on this OS.') else: shutil.copy(target, savepath) def get_string(self): """ Download the file as a string """ if not hasattr(self, '_string'): try: with self._readable_object as f: data = f.read() self._string = data except URLError as e: if isinstance(e.reason, socket.timeout): raise TimeoutError("Query timed out, time elapsed {t}s". format(t=self._timeout)) else: raise e return self._string def get_stringio(self): """ Return the file as an io.StringIO object """ s = self.get_string() try: return BytesIO(s) except TypeError: return StringIO(s) def __repr__(self): if hasattr(self, '_fits'): return f"Downloaded FITS file: {self._fits!r}" else: return f"Downloaded object from URL {self._target} with ID {id(self._readable_object)}" def get_readable_fileobj(*args, **kwargs): """ Overload astropy's get_readable_fileobj so that we can safely monkeypatch it in astroquery without affecting astropy core functionality """ return aud.get_readable_fileobj(*args, **kwargs) def parse_votable(content): """ Parse a votable in string format """ tables = votable.parse(BytesIO(content), verify='warn') return tables