/*
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Duy Nguyen <duy@soe.ucsc.edu>
 */

#include "ns3/boolean.h"
#include "ns3/command-line.h"
#include "ns3/config.h"
#include "ns3/double.h"
#include "ns3/flow-monitor-helper.h"
#include "ns3/gnuplot.h"
#include "ns3/internet-stack-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-address-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-list-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-helper.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-model.h"
#include "ns3/olsr-helper.h"
#include "ns3/on-off-helper.h"
#include "ns3/rectangle.h"
#include "ns3/string.h"
#include "ns3/uinteger.h"
#include "ns3/yans-wifi-channel.h"
#include "ns3/yans-wifi-helper.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("multirate");

/**
 * WiFi multirate experiment class.
 *
 * It handles the creation and run of an experiment.
 *
 * Scenarios: 100 nodes, multiple simultaneous flows, multi-hop ad hoc, routing,
 * and mobility
 *
 * QUICK INSTRUCTIONS:
 *
 * To optimize build:
 * ./ns3 configure -d optimized
 * ./ns3
 *
 * To compile:
 * ./ns3 run wifi-multirate
 *
 * To compile with command line(useful for varying parameters):
 * ./ns3 run "wifi-multirate --totalTime=0.3s --rateManager=ns3::MinstrelWifiManager"
 *
 * To turn on NS_LOG:
 * export NS_LOG=multirate=level_all
 * (can only view log if built with ./ns3 configure -d debug)
 *
 * To debug:
 * ./ns3 shell
 * gdb ./build/debug/examples/wireless/wifi-multirate
 *
 * To view pcap files:
 * tcpdump -nn -tt -r filename.pcap
 *
 * To monitor the files:
 * tail -f filename.pcap
 *
 */
class Experiment
{
  public:
    Experiment();
    /**
     * \brief Construct a new Experiment object
     *
     * \param name The name of the experiment.
     */
    Experiment(std::string name);
    /**
     * Run an experiment.
     * \param wifi The WifiHelper class.
     * \param wifiPhy The YansWifiPhyHelper class.
     * \param wifiMac The WifiMacHelper class.
     * \param wifiChannel The YansWifiChannelHelper class.
     * \param mobility The MobilityHelper class.
     * \return a 2D dataset of the experiment data.
     */
    Gnuplot2dDataset Run(const WifiHelper& wifi,
                         const YansWifiPhyHelper& wifiPhy,
                         const WifiMacHelper& wifiMac,
                         const YansWifiChannelHelper& wifiChannel,
                         const MobilityHelper& mobility);

    /**
     * \brief Setup the experiment from the command line arguments.
     *
     * \param argc The argument count.
     * \param argv The argument vector.
     * \return true
     */
    bool CommandSetup(int argc, char** argv);

    /**
     * \brief Check if routing is enabled.
     *
     * \return true if routing is enabled.
     */
    bool IsRouting()
    {
        return (m_enableRouting == 1) ? 1 : 0;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Check if mobility is enabled.
     *
     * \return true if mobility is enabled.
     */
    bool IsMobility()
    {
        return (m_enableMobility == 1) ? 1 : 0;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Get the Scenario number.
     *
     * \return the scenario number.
     */
    uint32_t GetScenario()
    {
        return m_scenario;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Get the RTS Threshold.
     *
     * \return the RTS Threshold.
     */
    std::string GetRtsThreshold()
    {
        return m_rtsThreshold;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Get the Output File Name.
     *
     * \return the Output File Name.
     */
    std::string GetOutputFileName()
    {
        return m_outputFileName;
    }

    /**
     * \brief Get the Rate Manager.
     *
     * \return the Rate Manager.
     */
    std::string GetRateManager()
    {
        return m_rateManager;
    }

  private:
    /**
     * \brief Setup the receiving socket.
     *
     * \param node The receiving node.
     * \return the Rx socket.
     */
    Ptr<Socket> SetupPacketReceive(Ptr<Node> node);
    /**
     * Generate 1-hop and 2-hop neighbors of a node in grid topology
     * \param c The node container.
     * \param senderId The sender ID.
     * \return the neighbor nodes.
     */
    NodeContainer GenerateNeighbors(NodeContainer c, uint32_t senderId);

    /**
     * \brief Setup the application in the nodes.
     *
     * \param client Client node.
     * \param server Server node.
     * \param start Start time.
     * \param stop Stop time.
     */
    void ApplicationSetup(Ptr<Node> client, Ptr<Node> server, double start, double stop);
    /**
     * Take the grid map, divide it into 4 quadrants
     * Assign all nodes from each quadrant to a specific container
     *
     * \param c The node container.
     */
    void AssignNeighbors(NodeContainer c);
    /**
     * Sources and destinations are randomly selected such that a node
     * may be the source for multiple destinations and a node maybe a destination
     * for multiple sources.
     *
     * \param c The node container.
     */
    void SelectSrcDest(NodeContainer c);
    /**
     * \brief Receive a packet.
     *
     * \param socket The receiving socket.
     */
    void ReceivePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket);
    /**
     * \brief Calculate the throughput.
     */
    void CheckThroughput();
    /**
     * A sender node will  set up a flow to each of the its neighbors
     * in its quadrant randomly.  All the flows are exponentially distributed.
     *
     * \param sender The sender node.
     * \param c The node neighbors.
     */
    void SendMultiDestinations(Ptr<Node> sender, NodeContainer c);

    Gnuplot2dDataset m_output; //!< Output dataset.

    double m_totalTime;      //!< Total experiment time.
    double m_expMean;        //!< Exponential parameter for sending packets.
    double m_samplingPeriod; //!< Sampling period.

    uint32_t m_bytesTotal;   //!< Total number of received bytes.
    uint32_t m_packetSize;   //!< Packet size.
    uint32_t m_gridSize;     //!< Grid size.
    uint32_t m_nodeDistance; //!< Node distance.
    uint32_t m_port;         //!< Listening port.
    uint32_t m_scenario;     //!< Scnario number.

    bool m_enablePcap;     //!< True if PCAP output is enabled.
    bool m_enableTracing;  //!< True if tracing output is enabled.
    bool m_enableFlowMon;  //!< True if FlowMon is enabled.
    bool m_enableRouting;  //!< True if routing is enabled.
    bool m_enableMobility; //!< True if mobility is enabled.

    /**
     * Node containers for each quadrant.
     * @{
     */
    NodeContainer m_containerA;
    NodeContainer m_containerB;
    NodeContainer m_containerC;
    NodeContainer m_containerD;
    /** @} */
    std::string m_rtsThreshold;   //!< Rts threshold.
    std::string m_rateManager;    //!< Rate manager.
    std::string m_outputFileName; //!< Output file name.
};

Experiment::Experiment()
{
}

Experiment::Experiment(std::string name)
    : m_output(name),
      m_totalTime(0.3),
      m_expMean(0.1),
      // flows being exponentially distributed
      m_samplingPeriod(0.1),
      m_bytesTotal(0),
      m_packetSize(2000),
      m_gridSize(10),
      // 10x10 grid  for a total of 100 nodes
      m_nodeDistance(30),
      m_port(5000),
      m_scenario(4),
      m_enablePcap(false),
      m_enableTracing(true),
      m_enableFlowMon(false),
      m_enableRouting(false),
      m_enableMobility(false),
      m_rtsThreshold("2200"),
      // 0 for enabling rts/cts
      m_rateManager("ns3::MinstrelWifiManager"),
      m_outputFileName("minstrel")
{
    m_output.SetStyle(Gnuplot2dDataset::LINES);
}

Ptr<Socket>
Experiment::SetupPacketReceive(Ptr<Node> node)
{
    TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");
    Ptr<Socket> sink = Socket::CreateSocket(node, tid);
    InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), m_port);
    sink->Bind(local);
    sink->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&Experiment::ReceivePacket, this));

    return sink;
}

void
Experiment::ReceivePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket)
{
    Ptr<Packet> packet;
    while ((packet = socket->Recv()))
    {
        m_bytesTotal += packet->GetSize();
    }
}

void
Experiment::CheckThroughput()
{
    double mbs = ((m_bytesTotal * 8.0) / 1000000 / m_samplingPeriod);
    m_bytesTotal = 0;
    m_output.Add((Simulator::Now()).GetSeconds(), mbs);

    // check throughput every samplingPeriod second
    Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(m_samplingPeriod), &Experiment::CheckThroughput, this);
}

void
Experiment::AssignNeighbors(NodeContainer c)
{
    uint32_t totalNodes = c.GetN();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < totalNodes; i++)
    {
        if ((i % m_gridSize) <= (m_gridSize / 2 - 1))
        {
            // lower left quadrant
            if (i < totalNodes / 2)
            {
                m_containerA.Add(c.Get(i));
            }

            // upper left quadrant
            if (i >= (uint32_t)(4 * totalNodes) / 10)
            {
                m_containerC.Add(c.Get(i));
            }
        }
        if ((i % m_gridSize) >= (m_gridSize / 2 - 1))
        {
            // lower right quadrant
            if (i < totalNodes / 2)
            {
                m_containerB.Add(c.Get(i));
            }

            // upper right quadrant
            if (i >= (uint32_t)(4 * totalNodes) / 10)
            {
                m_containerD.Add(c.Get(i));
            }
        }
    }
}

NodeContainer
Experiment::GenerateNeighbors(NodeContainer c, uint32_t senderId)
{
    NodeContainer nc;
    uint32_t limit = senderId + 2;
    for (uint32_t i = senderId - 2; i <= limit; i++)
    {
        // must ensure the boundaries for other topologies
        nc.Add(c.Get(i));
        nc.Add(c.Get(i + 10));
        nc.Add(c.Get(i + 20));
        nc.Add(c.Get(i - 10));
        nc.Add(c.Get(i - 20));
    }
    return nc;
}

void
Experiment::SelectSrcDest(NodeContainer c)
{
    uint32_t totalNodes = c.GetN();
    Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> uvSrc = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
    uvSrc->SetAttribute("Min", DoubleValue(0));
    uvSrc->SetAttribute("Max", DoubleValue(totalNodes / 2 - 1));
    Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> uvDest = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
    uvDest->SetAttribute("Min", DoubleValue(totalNodes / 2));
    uvDest->SetAttribute("Max", DoubleValue(totalNodes));

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < totalNodes / 3; i++)
    {
        ApplicationSetup(c.Get(uvSrc->GetInteger()), c.Get(uvDest->GetInteger()), 0, m_totalTime);
    }
}

void
Experiment::SendMultiDestinations(Ptr<Node> sender, NodeContainer c)
{
    // UniformRandomVariable params: (Xrange, Yrange)
    Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> uv = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
    uv->SetAttribute("Min", DoubleValue(0));
    uv->SetAttribute("Max", DoubleValue(c.GetN()));

    // ExponentialRandomVariable params: (mean, upperbound)
    Ptr<ExponentialRandomVariable> ev = CreateObject<ExponentialRandomVariable>();
    ev->SetAttribute("Mean", DoubleValue(m_expMean));
    ev->SetAttribute("Bound", DoubleValue(m_totalTime));

    double start = 0.0;
    double stop;
    uint32_t destIndex;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < c.GetN(); i++)
    {
        stop = start + ev->GetValue();
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Start=" << start << " Stop=" << stop);

        do
        {
            destIndex = (uint32_t)uv->GetValue();
        } while ((c.Get(destIndex))->GetId() == sender->GetId());

        ApplicationSetup(sender, c.Get(destIndex), start, stop);

        start = stop;

        if (start > m_totalTime)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Print the position of two nodes.
 *
 * \param client Client node.
 * \param server Server node.
 * \return a string with the nodes data and positions
 */
static inline std::string
PrintPosition(Ptr<Node> client, Ptr<Node> server)
{
    Vector serverPos = server->GetObject<MobilityModel>()->GetPosition();
    Vector clientPos = client->GetObject<MobilityModel>()->GetPosition();

    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4Server = server->GetObject<Ipv4>();
    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4Client = client->GetObject<Ipv4>();

    Ipv4InterfaceAddress iaddrServer = ipv4Server->GetAddress(1, 0);
    Ipv4InterfaceAddress iaddrClient = ipv4Client->GetAddress(1, 0);

    Ipv4Address ipv4AddrServer = iaddrServer.GetLocal();
    Ipv4Address ipv4AddrClient = iaddrClient.GetLocal();

    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << "Set up Server Device " << (server->GetDevice(0))->GetAddress() << " with ip "
        << ipv4AddrServer << " position (" << serverPos.x << "," << serverPos.y << ","
        << serverPos.z << ")";

    oss << "Set up Client Device " << (client->GetDevice(0))->GetAddress() << " with ip "
        << ipv4AddrClient << " position (" << clientPos.x << "," << clientPos.y << ","
        << clientPos.z << ")"
        << "\n";
    return oss.str();
}

void
Experiment::ApplicationSetup(Ptr<Node> client, Ptr<Node> server, double start, double stop)
{
    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4Server = server->GetObject<Ipv4>();

    Ipv4InterfaceAddress iaddrServer = ipv4Server->GetAddress(1, 0);
    Ipv4Address ipv4AddrServer = iaddrServer.GetLocal();

    NS_LOG_DEBUG(PrintPosition(client, server));

    // Equipping the source  node with OnOff Application used for sending
    OnOffHelper onoff("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
                      Address(InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address("10.0.0.1"), m_port)));
    onoff.SetConstantRate(DataRate(60000000));
    onoff.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(m_packetSize));
    onoff.SetAttribute("Remote", AddressValue(InetSocketAddress(ipv4AddrServer, m_port)));

    ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install(client);
    apps.Start(Seconds(start));
    apps.Stop(Seconds(stop));

    Ptr<Socket> sink = SetupPacketReceive(server);
}

Gnuplot2dDataset
Experiment::Run(const WifiHelper& wifi,
                const YansWifiPhyHelper& wifiPhy,
                const WifiMacHelper& wifiMac,
                const YansWifiChannelHelper& wifiChannel,
                const MobilityHelper& mobility)
{
    uint32_t nodeSize = m_gridSize * m_gridSize;
    NodeContainer c;
    c.Create(nodeSize);

    YansWifiPhyHelper phy = wifiPhy;
    phy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

    WifiMacHelper mac = wifiMac;
    NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, c);

    OlsrHelper olsr;
    Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper staticRouting;

    Ipv4ListRoutingHelper list;

    if (m_enableRouting)
    {
        list.Add(staticRouting, 0);
        list.Add(olsr, 10);
    }

    InternetStackHelper internet;

    if (m_enableRouting)
    {
        internet.SetRoutingHelper(list); // has effect on the next Install ()
    }
    internet.Install(c);

    Ipv4AddressHelper address;
    address.SetBase("10.0.0.0", "255.255.255.0");

    Ipv4InterfaceContainer ipInterfaces;
    ipInterfaces = address.Assign(devices);

    MobilityHelper mobil = mobility;
    mobil.SetPositionAllocator("ns3::GridPositionAllocator",
                               "MinX",
                               DoubleValue(0.0),
                               "MinY",
                               DoubleValue(0.0),
                               "DeltaX",
                               DoubleValue(m_nodeDistance),
                               "DeltaY",
                               DoubleValue(m_nodeDistance),
                               "GridWidth",
                               UintegerValue(m_gridSize),
                               "LayoutType",
                               StringValue("RowFirst"));

    mobil.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");

    if (m_enableMobility && m_enableRouting)
    {
        // Rectangle (xMin, xMax, yMin, yMax)
        mobil.SetMobilityModel("ns3::RandomDirection2dMobilityModel",
                               "Bounds",
                               RectangleValue(Rectangle(0, 500, 0, 500)),
                               "Speed",
                               StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=10]"),
                               "Pause",
                               StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.2]"));
    }
    mobil.Install(c);

    if (m_scenario == 1 && m_enableRouting)
    {
        SelectSrcDest(c);
    }
    else if (m_scenario == 2)
    {
        // All flows begin at the same time
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nodeSize - 1; i = i + 2)
        {
            ApplicationSetup(c.Get(i), c.Get(i + 1), 0, m_totalTime);
        }
    }
    else if (m_scenario == 3)
    {
        AssignNeighbors(c);
        // Note: these senders are hand-picked in order to ensure good coverage
        // for 10x10 grid, basically one sender for each quadrant
        // you might have to change these values for other grids
        NS_LOG_DEBUG(">>>>>>>>>region A<<<<<<<<<");
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(22), m_containerA);

        NS_LOG_DEBUG(">>>>>>>>>region B<<<<<<<<<");
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(26), m_containerB);

        NS_LOG_DEBUG(">>>>>>>>>region C<<<<<<<<<");
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(72), m_containerC);

        NS_LOG_DEBUG(">>>>>>>>>region D<<<<<<<<<");
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(76), m_containerD);
    }
    else if (m_scenario == 4)
    {
        // GenerateNeighbors(NodeContainer, uint32_t sender)
        // Note: these senders are hand-picked in order to ensure good coverage
        // you might have to change these values for other grids
        NodeContainer c1;
        NodeContainer c2;
        NodeContainer c3;
        NodeContainer c4;
        NodeContainer c5;
        NodeContainer c6;
        NodeContainer c7;
        NodeContainer c8;
        NodeContainer c9;

        c1 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 22);
        c2 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 24);
        c3 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 26);
        c4 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 42);
        c5 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 44);
        c6 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 46);
        c7 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 62);
        c8 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 64);
        c9 = GenerateNeighbors(c, 66);

        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(22), c1);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(24), c2);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(26), c3);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(42), c4);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(44), c5);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(46), c6);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(62), c7);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(64), c8);
        SendMultiDestinations(c.Get(66), c9);
    }

    CheckThroughput();

    if (m_enablePcap)
    {
        phy.SetPcapDataLinkType(WifiPhyHelper::DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO);
        phy.EnablePcapAll(GetOutputFileName());
    }

    if (m_enableTracing)
    {
        AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
        phy.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(GetOutputFileName() + ".tr"));
    }

    FlowMonitorHelper flowmonHelper;

    if (m_enableFlowMon)
    {
        flowmonHelper.InstallAll();
    }

    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(m_totalTime));
    Simulator::Run();

    if (m_enableFlowMon)
    {
        flowmonHelper.SerializeToXmlFile((GetOutputFileName() + ".flomon"), false, false);
    }

    Simulator::Destroy();

    return m_output;
}

bool
Experiment::CommandSetup(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // for commandline input
    CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
    cmd.AddValue("packetSize", "packet size", m_packetSize);
    cmd.AddValue("totalTime", "simulation time", m_totalTime);
    // according to totalTime, select an appropriate samplingPeriod automatically.
    if (m_totalTime < 1.0)
    {
        m_samplingPeriod = 0.1;
    }
    else
    {
        m_samplingPeriod = 1.0;
    }
    // or user selects a samplingPeriod.
    cmd.AddValue("samplingPeriod", "sampling period", m_samplingPeriod);
    cmd.AddValue("rtsThreshold", "rts threshold", m_rtsThreshold);
    cmd.AddValue("rateManager", "type of rate", m_rateManager);
    cmd.AddValue("outputFileName", "output filename", m_outputFileName);
    cmd.AddValue("enableRouting", "enable Routing", m_enableRouting);
    cmd.AddValue("enableMobility", "enable Mobility", m_enableMobility);
    cmd.AddValue("scenario", "scenario ", m_scenario);

    cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
    return true;
}

int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    Experiment experiment;
    experiment = Experiment("multirate");

    // for commandline input
    experiment.CommandSetup(argc, argv);

    std::ofstream outfile(experiment.GetOutputFileName() + ".plt");

    MobilityHelper mobility;
    Gnuplot gnuplot;
    Gnuplot2dDataset dataset;

    WifiHelper wifi;
    WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
    YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy;
    YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

    wifiMac.SetType("ns3::AdhocWifiMac", "Ssid", StringValue("Testbed"));
    wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211a);
    wifi.SetRemoteStationManager(experiment.GetRateManager());

    NS_LOG_INFO("Scenario: " << experiment.GetScenario());
    NS_LOG_INFO("Rts Threshold: " << experiment.GetRtsThreshold());
    NS_LOG_INFO("Name:  " << experiment.GetOutputFileName());
    NS_LOG_INFO("Rate:  " << experiment.GetRateManager());
    NS_LOG_INFO("Routing: " << experiment.IsRouting());
    NS_LOG_INFO("Mobility: " << experiment.IsMobility());

    dataset = experiment.Run(wifi, wifiPhy, wifiMac, wifiChannel, mobility);

    gnuplot.AddDataset(dataset);
    gnuplot.GenerateOutput(outfile);

    return 0;
}