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5.3. 原始套件的結構

5.3.1. 格式

A source package is usually comprised of three files, a .dsc, a .orig.tar.gz, and a .debian.tar.xz (or .diff.gz). They allow creation of binary packages (.deb files described above) from the source code files of the program, which are written in a programming language.
.dsc (Debian Source Control) 檔案是包括 RFC 2822 標頭 (如同 control 檔案於 節 5.2.1, “描述:control 檔案”) 的簡短文字檔,描述原始套件及包括的其他檔案。由維護者簽署,保證其真實性。詳情見 節 6.6, “檢查套件真偽”

範例 5.1. A .dsc 檔案

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA512

Format: 3.0 (quilt)
Source: zim
Binary: zim
Architecture: all
Version: 0.73.5-1
Maintainer: Zim Package Maintainers <zim@packages.debian.org>
Uploaders: Raphaël Hertzog <hertzog@debian.org>
Homepage: https://zim-wiki.org
Standards-Version: 4.5.1
Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/zim
Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/zim.git
Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13), python3, python3-gi, python3-xdg, gir1.2-gtk-3.0, dh-python
Package-List:
 zim deb x11 optional arch=all
Checksums-Sha1:
 80d43d5c1c6a47c695079eb02bc8ad36b84d6e57 2159901 zim_0.73.5.orig.tar.gz
 b1cd86dc4819a80126efbf6ee6eba17a33f451d3 10124 zim_0.73.5-1.debian.tar.xz
Checksums-Sha256:
 a36f15d92c3994c0d55b07f83253b3d8b826beb3714865edbabc14f1cc91d63a 2159901 zim_0.73.5.orig.tar.gz
 6c2db642d9ac1c2440ed08e0cd584006045b342b255f37ffe42bd5459fb5cb76 10124 zim_0.73.5-1.debian.tar.xz
Files:
 fa76ceb8ac7d7354fb0e2bc5607e9faa 2159901 zim_0.73.5.orig.tar.gz
 a0c824d979efb196cde0176d3cb9c719 10124 zim_0.73.5-1.debian.tar.xz

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Comment: Signed by Raphael Hertzog

iQEzBAEBCgAdFiEE1823g1EQnhJ1LsbSA4gdq+vCmrkFAmAa3ooACgkQA4gdq+vC
mrkq1gf/cs7irmbCSDrADVqsqYBrFJ1FyprE3jiHLNs0OQLryhFj9tzDuilX35VE
HkCfxSaKkzgvQLYtpuw1VBfhOdngTdHO39U6eljkaScnfLWU8Z5n/q+YeedxItoY
X3TtzMexFmb4WJqlylfjbXeqbLdYvsILQ3NVnE48AzkaBQlCC2d9bqecZhWiKfzq
gNxIDVDDhqCXMPe7QCErCBiFPUVpGN7b+6QWN0RxOTLZdj/slRD73rT++VmY+xN1
L8BSLcjXie+ES11MhQNYaLpCv2vqImlZaxkFWvsKBo9ndRFSbE3/RNK479a4KGve
KrdpGUJXy9uLPuAMyn5WphwXJ7OZXQ==
=YFDk
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
需注意原始套件和可執行套件一樣有相依性 (Build-Depends),指出編譯有問題軟體與建構其可執行套件的工具。
.orig.tar.gz 檔案包括原發展者提供的原始碼。要求 Debian 的套件維護者不要修改它,以便檢查原來的檔案與整合後的檔案 (比較校驗碼就知道) 並且尊重其他著者的意願。
The .debian.tar.xz contains all of the modifications made by the Debian maintainer, especially the addition of a debian directory containing the instructions to execute to construct one or more Debian binary packages.

5.3.2. Debian 內的使用

The source package is the foundation of everything in Debian. All Debian packages come from a source package, and each modification in a Debian package is the consequence of a modification made to the source package. The Debian maintainers work with the source package, knowing, however, the consequences of their actions on the binary packages. The fruits of their labors are thus found in the source packages available from Debian: you can easily go back to them and everything stems from them. 章 15, 建立一個套裝軟體 contains some examples.
When a new version of a source package arrives on the Debian server, it will then be used by a network of machines of different architectures for compilation on the various architectures supported by Debian.