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章 3. 分析當前設置與移殖

3.1. 在異質環境中共存
3.1.1. 與視窗機器整合
3.1.2. Integration with macOS machines
3.1.3. 與其他 Linux/Unix 機器整合
3.2. 移殖的方法
3.2.1. 調查與鑑定服務內容
3.2.2. 備份組態
3.2.3. 接手現有的 Debian 伺服器
3.2.4. 安裝 Debian
3.2.5. 安裝與組態選定的服務
任何系統的翻修都應將既有的系統考慮進去。包括儘可能再利用資源以及與系統的各元素協調無礙。以下的個案研究將介紹從其他通用框架移殖至 Linux 計算基礎。

3.1. 在異質環境中共存

Debian 能和既存的環境整合無礙,並與其他作業系統共存。這近乎完美的和諧來自市場的壓力,要求軟體發布者遵守一定的標準。接受這些標準讓管理員能靈活轉出各種程式:用戶端或伺服器端、免費或收費。

3.1.1. 與視窗機器整合

Samba's SMB/CIFS support ensures excellent communication within a Windows context. It shares files and print queues to Windows clients and includes software that allows a Linux machine to use resources available on Windows servers.

3.1.2. Integration with macOS machines

macOS machines provide, and are able to use, network services such as file servers and printer sharing. These services are published on the local network, which allows other machines to discover them and make use of them without any manual configuration, using the Bonjour implementation of the Zeroconf protocol suite. Debian includes another implementation, called Avahi, which provides the same functionality.
In the other direction, the Netatalk daemon can be used to provide file servers to macOS machines on the network. It implements the AFP protocol (Apple Filing Protocol, now AppleShare) as well as the required notifications so that the servers can be automatically discovered by the macOS clients.
更舊的 Mac OS 網路 (OS X 之前) 使用稱為 AppleTalk 的協定。採用此等協定的環境,Netatalk 也能提供 AppleTalk 協定 (實際上,是再應用該協定)。確保檔案伺服器與列印佇列以及時間伺服器 (時鐘同步)的運作。它的路由器功能允許與 AppleTalk 網路溝通。

3.1.3. 與其他 Linux/Unix 機器整合

Finally, NFS (Network File System) and NIS (Network Information Service), both included, guarantee interaction with Unix systems. NFS ensures file server functionality, while NIS creates user directories. The BSD printing layer, used by most Unix systems, also allows sharing of print queues.
Debian 與 OS X、Windows 與 Unix 系統共存

圖形 3.1. Debian 與 OS X、Windows 與 Unix 系統共存