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5.3. 源码包的结构

5.3.1. 格式

一个源码包通常包括三个文件,.dsc.orig.tar.gz.debian.tar.xz(或 .diff.gz)。它们允许从编程语言撰写的程序源代码文件中,创建二进制软件包(如前所述的 .deb 文件)。
.dsc (Debian Source Control) 文件是包括 RFC 2822 标头 (如同 control 文件于 第 5.2.1 节 “描述:control 文件”) 的简短文本档,描述原始软件包及包括的其他文件。由维护者签署,保证其真实性。详情见 第 6.6 节 “检查软件包真实性”

例 5.1. 一个.dsc 文件

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA512

Format: 3.0 (quilt)
Source: zim
Binary: zim
Architecture: all
Version: 0.73.5-1
Maintainer: Zim Package Maintainers <zim@packages.debian.org>
Uploaders: Raphaël Hertzog <hertzog@debian.org>
Homepage: https://zim-wiki.org
Standards-Version: 4.5.1
Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/zim
Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/zim.git
Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13), python3, python3-gi, python3-xdg, gir1.2-gtk-3.0, dh-python
Package-List:
 zim deb x11 optional arch=all
Checksums-Sha1:
 80d43d5c1c6a47c695079eb02bc8ad36b84d6e57 2159901 zim_0.73.5.orig.tar.gz
 b1cd86dc4819a80126efbf6ee6eba17a33f451d3 10124 zim_0.73.5-1.debian.tar.xz
Checksums-Sha256:
 a36f15d92c3994c0d55b07f83253b3d8b826beb3714865edbabc14f1cc91d63a 2159901 zim_0.73.5.orig.tar.gz
 6c2db642d9ac1c2440ed08e0cd584006045b342b255f37ffe42bd5459fb5cb76 10124 zim_0.73.5-1.debian.tar.xz
Files:
 fa76ceb8ac7d7354fb0e2bc5607e9faa 2159901 zim_0.73.5.orig.tar.gz
 a0c824d979efb196cde0176d3cb9c719 10124 zim_0.73.5-1.debian.tar.xz

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Comment: Signed by Raphael Hertzog

iQEzBAEBCgAdFiEE1823g1EQnhJ1LsbSA4gdq+vCmrkFAmAa3ooACgkQA4gdq+vC
mrkq1gf/cs7irmbCSDrADVqsqYBrFJ1FyprE3jiHLNs0OQLryhFj9tzDuilX35VE
HkCfxSaKkzgvQLYtpuw1VBfhOdngTdHO39U6eljkaScnfLWU8Z5n/q+YeedxItoY
X3TtzMexFmb4WJqlylfjbXeqbLdYvsILQ3NVnE48AzkaBQlCC2d9bqecZhWiKfzq
gNxIDVDDhqCXMPe7QCErCBiFPUVpGN7b+6QWN0RxOTLZdj/slRD73rT++VmY+xN1
L8BSLcjXie+ES11MhQNYaLpCv2vqImlZaxkFWvsKBo9ndRFSbE3/RNK479a4KGve
KrdpGUJXy9uLPuAMyn5WphwXJ7OZXQ==
=YFDk
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
需要注意的是源码包也有依赖(Build-Depends),和那些二进制包依赖完全不同,因为它们需要设置编译软件所需工具的选项后,再来构建二进制包。
.orig.tar.gz 文件包括原开发者提供的源代码。要求 Debian 的软件包维护者不要修改它,以便检查原来的文件与集成后的文件 (比较校验码就知道) 并且尊重其他著者的意愿。
The .debian.tar.xz contains all of the modifications made by the Debian maintainer, especially the addition of a debian directory containing the instructions to execute to construct one or more Debian binary packages.

5.3.2. Debian 中的使用

The source package is the foundation of everything in Debian. All Debian packages come from a source package, and each modification in a Debian package is the consequence of a modification made to the source package. The Debian maintainers work with the source package, knowing, however, the consequences of their actions on the binary packages. The fruits of their labors are thus found in the source packages available from Debian: you can easily go back to them and everything stems from them. 第 15 章 创建 Debian 软件包 contains some examples.
When a new version of a source package arrives on the Debian server, it will then be used by a network of machines of different architectures for compilation on the various architectures supported by Debian.