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9.6.1 Formatting, Time Zones, and other operations for Time

Static Semantics

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The following language-defined library packages exist:
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package Ada.Calendar.Time_Zones is
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   -- Time zone manipulation:
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   type Time_Offset is range -28*60 .. 28*60;
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   Unknown_Zone_Error : exception;
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   function UTC_Time_Offset (Date : Time := Clock) return Time_Offset;
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end Ada.Calendar.Time_Zones;
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package Ada.Calendar.Arithmetic is
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   -- Arithmetic on days:
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   type Day_Count is range
     -366*(1+Year_Number'Last - Year_Number'First)
     ..
     366*(1+Year_Number'Last - Year_Number'First);
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   subtype Leap_Seconds_Count is Integer range -2047 .. 2047;
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   procedure Difference (Left, Right : in Time;
                         Days : out Day_Count;
                         Seconds : out Duration;
                         Leap_Seconds : out Leap_Seconds_Count);
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   function "+" (Left : Time; Right : Day_Count) return Time;
   function "+" (Left : Day_Count; Right : Time) return Time;
   function "-" (Left : Time; Right : Day_Count) return Time;
   function "-" (Left, Right : Time) return Day_Count;
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end Ada.Calendar.Arithmetic;
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with Ada.Calendar.Time_Zones;
package Ada.Calendar.Formatting is
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   -- Day of the week:
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   type Day_Name is (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
       Friday, Saturday, Sunday);
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   function Day_of_Week (Date : Time) return Day_Name;
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   -- Hours:Minutes:Seconds access:
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   subtype Hour_Number         is Natural range 0 .. 23;
   subtype Minute_Number       is Natural range 0 .. 59;
   subtype Second_Number       is Natural range 0 .. 59;
   subtype Second_Duration     is Day_Duration range 0.0 .. 1.0;
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   function Year       (Date : Time;
                        Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                           return Year_Number;
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   function Month      (Date : Time;
                        Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                           return Month_Number;
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   function Day        (Date : Time;
                        Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                           return Day_Number;
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   function Hour       (Date : Time;
                        Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                           return Hour_Number;
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   function Minute     (Date : Time;
                        Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                           return Minute_Number;
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   function Second     (Date : Time)
                           return Second_Number;
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   function Sub_Second (Date : Time)
                           return Second_Duration;
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   function Seconds_Of (Hour   :  Hour_Number;
                        Minute : Minute_Number;
                        Second : Second_Number := 0;
                        Sub_Second : Second_Duration := 0.0)
       return Day_Duration;
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   procedure Split (Seconds    : in Day_Duration;
                    Hour       : out Hour_Number;
                    Minute     : out Minute_Number;
                    Second     : out Second_Number;
                    Sub_Second : out Second_Duration);
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   function Time_Of (Year       : Year_Number;
                     Month      : Month_Number;
                     Day        : Day_Number;
                     Hour       : Hour_Number;
                     Minute     : Minute_Number;
                     Second     : Second_Number;
                     Sub_Second : Second_Duration := 0.0;
                     Leap_Second: Boolean := False;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                             return Time;
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   function Time_Of (Year       : Year_Number;
                     Month      : Month_Number;
                     Day        : Day_Number;
                     Seconds    : Day_Duration := 0.0;
                     Leap_Second: Boolean := False;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                             return Time;
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   procedure Split (Date       : in Time;
                    Year       : out Year_Number;
                    Month      : out Month_Number;
                    Day        : out Day_Number;
                    Hour       : out Hour_Number;
                    Minute     : out Minute_Number;
                    Second     : out Second_Number;
                    Sub_Second : out Second_Duration;
                    Time_Zone  : in Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0);
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   procedure Split (Date       : in Time;
                    Year       : out Year_Number;
                    Month      : out Month_Number;
                    Day        : out Day_Number;
                    Hour       : out Hour_Number;
                    Minute     : out Minute_Number;
                    Second     : out Second_Number;
                    Sub_Second : out Second_Duration;
                    Leap_Second: out Boolean;
                    Time_Zone  : in Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0);
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   procedure Split (Date       : in Time;
                    Year       : out Year_Number;
                    Month      : out Month_Number;
                    Day        : out Day_Number;
                    Seconds    : out Day_Duration;
                    Leap_Second: out Boolean;
                    Time_Zone  : in Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0);
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   -- Simple image and value:
   function Image (Date : Time;
                   Include_Time_Fraction : Boolean := False;
                   Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0) return String;
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   function Value (Date : String;
                   Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0) return Time;
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   function Image (Elapsed_Time : Duration;
                   Include_Time_Fraction : Boolean := False) return String;
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   function Value (Elapsed_Time : String) return Duration;
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end Ada.Calendar.Formatting;
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Type Time_Offset represents the number of minutes difference between the implementation-defined time zone used by Calendar and another time zone.
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function UTC_Time_Offset (Date : Time := Clock) return Time_Offset;
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Returns, as a number of minutes, the difference between the implementation-defined time zone of Calendar, and UTC time, at the time Date. If the time zone of the Calendar implementation is unknown, then Unknown_Zone_Error is raised.
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procedure Difference (Left, Right : in Time;
                      Days : out Day_Count;
                      Seconds : out Duration;
                      Leap_Seconds : out Leap_Seconds_Count);
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Returns the difference between Left and Right. Days is the number of days of difference, Seconds is the remainder seconds of difference excluding leap seconds, and Leap_Seconds is the number of leap seconds. If Left < Right, then Seconds <= 0.0, Days <= 0, and Leap_Seconds <= 0. Otherwise, all values are nonnegative. The absolute value of Seconds is always less than 86_400.0. For the returned values, if Days = 0, then Seconds + Duration(Leap_Seconds) = Calendar."–" (Left, Right). 
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function "+" (Left : Time; Right : Day_Count) return Time;
function "+" (Left : Day_Count; Right : Time) return Time;
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Adds a number of days to a time value. Time_Error is raised if the result is not representable as a value of type Time.
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function "-" (Left : Time; Right : Day_Count) return Time;
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Subtracts a number of days from a time value. Time_Error is raised if the result is not representable as a value of type Time.
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function "-" (Left, Right : Time) return Day_Count;
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Subtracts two time values, and returns the number of days between them. This is the same value that Difference would return in Days.
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function Day_of_Week (Date : Time) return Day_Name;
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Returns the day of the week for Time. This is based on the Year, Month, and Day values of Time.
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function Year       (Date : Time;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                        return Year_Number;
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Returns the year for Date, as appropriate for the specified time zone offset.
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function Month      (Date : Time;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                        return Month_Number;
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Returns the month for Date, as appropriate for the specified time zone offset.
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function Day        (Date : Time;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                        return Day_Number;
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Returns the day number for Date, as appropriate for the specified time zone offset.
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function Hour       (Date : Time;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                        return Hour_Number;
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Returns the hour for Date, as appropriate for the specified time zone offset.
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function Minute     (Date : Time;
                     Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                        return Minute_Number;
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Returns the minute within the hour for Date, as appropriate for the specified time zone offset.
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function Second     (Date : Time)
                        return Second_Number;
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Returns the second within the hour and minute for Date.
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function Sub_Second (Date : Time)
                        return Second_Duration;
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Returns the fraction of second for Date (this has the same accuracy as Day_Duration). The value returned is always less than 1.0.
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function Seconds_Of (Hour   : Hour_Number;
                     Minute : Minute_Number;
                     Second : Second_Number := 0;
                     Sub_Second : Second_Duration := 0.0)
    return Day_Duration;
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Returns a Day_Duration value for the combination of the given Hour, Minute, Second, and Sub_Second. This value can be used in Calendar.Time_Of as well as the argument to Calendar."+" and Calendar."–". If Seconds_Of is called with a Sub_Second value of 1.0, the value returned is equal to the value of Seconds_Of for the next second with a Sub_Second value of 0.0.
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procedure Split (Seconds    : in Day_Duration;
                 Hour       : out Hour_Number;
                 Minute     : out Minute_Number;
                 Second     : out Second_Number;
                 Sub_Second : out Second_Duration);
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Splits Seconds into Hour, Minute, Second and Sub_Second in such a way that the resulting values all belong to their respective subtypes. The value returned in the Sub_Second parameter is always less than 1.0.
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function Time_Of (Year       : Year_Number;
                  Month      : Month_Number;
                  Day        : Day_Number;
                  Hour       : Hour_Number;
                  Minute     : Minute_Number;
                  Second     : Second_Number;
                  Sub_Second : Second_Duration := 0.0;
                  Leap_Second: Boolean := False;
                  Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                          return Time;
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If Leap_Second is False, returns a Time built from the date and time values, relative to the specified time zone offset. If Leap_Second is True, returns the Time that represents the time within the leap second that is one second later than the time specified by the other parameters. Time_Error is raised if the parameters do not form a proper date or time. If Time_Of is called with a Sub_Second value of 1.0, the value returned is equal to the value of Time_Of for the next second with a Sub_Second value of 0.0. 
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function Time_Of (Year       : Year_Number;
                  Month      : Month_Number;
                  Day        : Day_Number;
                  Seconds    : Day_Duration := 0.0;
                  Leap_Second: Boolean := False;
                  Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0)
                          return Time;
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If Leap_Second is False, returns a Time built from the date and time values, relative to the specified time zone offset. If Leap_Second is True, returns the Time that represents the time within the leap second that is one second later than the time specified by the other parameters. Time_Error is raised if the parameters do not form a proper date or time. If Time_Of is called with a Seconds value of 86_400.0, the value returned is equal to the value of Time_Of for the next day with a Seconds value of 0.0.
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procedure Split (Date       : in Time;
                 Year       : out Year_Number;
                 Month      : out Month_Number;
                 Day        : out Day_Number;
                 Hour       : out Hour_Number;
                 Minute     : out Minute_Number;
                 Second     : out Second_Number;
                 Sub_Second : out Second_Duration;
                 Leap_Second: out Boolean;
                 Time_Zone  : in Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0);
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If Date does not represent a time within a leap second, splits Date into its constituent parts (Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second, Sub_Second), relative to the specified time zone offset, and sets Leap_Second to False. If Date represents a time within a leap second, set the constituent parts to values corresponding to a time one second earlier than that given by Date, relative to the specified time zone offset, and sets Leap_Seconds to True. The value returned in the Sub_Second parameter is always less than 1.0.
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procedure Split (Date       : in Time;
                 Year       : out Year_Number;
                 Month      : out Month_Number;
                 Day        : out Day_Number;
                 Hour       : out Hour_Number;
                 Minute     : out Minute_Number;
                 Second     : out Second_Number;
                 Sub_Second : out Second_Duration;
                 Time_Zone  : in Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0);
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Splits Date into its constituent parts (Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second, Sub_Second), relative to the specified time zone offset. The value returned in the Sub_Second parameter is always less than 1.0.
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procedure Split (Date       : in Time;
                 Year       : out Year_Number;
                 Month      : out Month_Number;
                 Day        : out Day_Number;
                 Seconds    : out Day_Duration;
                 Leap_Second: out Boolean;
                 Time_Zone  : in Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0);
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If Date does not represent a time within a leap second, splits Date into its constituent parts (Year, Month, Day, Seconds), relative to the specified time zone offset, and sets Leap_Second to False. If Date represents a time within a leap second, set the constituent parts to values corresponding to a time one second earlier than that given by Date, relative to the specified time zone offset, and sets Leap_Seconds to True. The value returned in the Seconds parameter is always less than 86_400.0.
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function Image (Date : Time;
                Include_Time_Fraction : Boolean := False;
                Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0) return String;
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Returns a string form of the Date relative to the given Time_Zone. The format is "Year-Month-Day Hour:Minute:Second", where the Year is a 4-digit value, and all others are 2-digit values, of the functions defined in Calendar and Calendar.Formatting, including a leading zero, if needed. The separators between the values are a minus, another minus, a colon, and a single space between the Day and Hour. If Include_Time_Fraction is True, the integer part of Sub_Seconds*100 is suffixed to the string as a point followed by a 2-digit value. 
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function Value (Date : String;
                Time_Zone  : Time_Zones.Time_Offset := 0) return Time;
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Returns a Time value for the image given as Date, relative to the given time zone. Constraint_Error is raised if the string is not formatted as described for Image, or the function cannot interpret the given string as a Time value.
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function Image (Elapsed_Time : Duration;
                Include_Time_Fraction : Boolean := False) return String;
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Returns a string form of the Elapsed_Time. The format is "Hour:Minute:Second", where all values are 2-digit values, including a leading zero, if needed. The separators between the values are colons. If Include_Time_Fraction is True, the integer part of Sub_Seconds*100 is suffixed to the string as a point followed by a 2-digit value. If Elapsed_Time < 0.0, the result is Image (abs Elapsed_Time, Include_Time_Fraction) prefixed with a minus sign. If abs Elapsed_Time represents 100 hours or more, the result is implementation-defined. 
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function Value (Elapsed_Time : String) return Duration;
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Returns a Duration value for the image given as Elapsed_Time. Constraint_Error is raised if the string is not formatted as described for Image, or the function cannot interpret the given string as a Duration value. 

Implementation Advice

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An implementation should support leap seconds if the target system supports them. If leap seconds are not supported, Difference should return zero for Leap_Seconds, Split should return False for Leap_Second, and Time_Of should raise Time_Error if Leap_Second is True. 
NOTES
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37  The implementation-defined time zone of package Calendar may, but need not, be the local time zone. UTC_Time_Offset always returns the difference relative to the implementation-defined time zone of package Calendar. If UTC_Time_Offset does not raise Unknown_Zone_Error, UTC time can be safely calculated (within the accuracy of the underlying time-base).
91/2
38  Calling Split on the results of subtracting Duration(UTC_Time_Offset*60) from Clock provides the components (hours, minutes, and so on) of the UTC time. In the United States, for example, UTC_Time_Offset will generally be negative. 

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